1. New ICT Trends in Education Digital Divide
Suresh G. Isave,
Associate Professor,
Tilak College of Education,
Pune-India

2. New Trends Sources UN UNESCO OECD World Bank
International Telecommunication Union
MHRD

3. Global Scenario on ICT

4. Global Scenario of ICT
At the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) a UN Summit organized by the International Telecommunication Union in a unique two-phase format (Geneva 2003, Tunis 2005), governments and world leaders made a strong commitment towards building a people-centered, inclusive and development- oriented Information Society for all, where everyone can access, utilize and share information and knowledge.
WSIS has identified the need to measure the advances made in breaching the digital divide and in promoting the broad development goals included in the United Nations Millennium Declaration through increased access and use of ICTs.

5. Millennium Development Goals
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest.

6. Millennium Development Goals

7. 17 Goals to Transform Our World
In 2015, countries adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In 2016, the Paris Agreement on climate change entered into force, addressing the need to limit the rise of global temperatures.
Governments, businesses and civil society together with the United Nations are mobilizing efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Agenda by Universal, inclusive and indivisible, the Agenda calls for action by all countries to improve the lives of people everywhere.

8. Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations. The broad goals are interrelated though each has its own targets to achieve. ... The SDGs are also known as "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" or Agenda in short.

10. Global ICT Stats

17. Digital Divide : Concept
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18. Digital Divide
When they met in New York last September to agree the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which will underpin the development agenda for the next 15 years, the UNs 193 member states agreed to “strive to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020” - formula-bridging-digital-divide-1-for-2-alliance-for-affordable-internet- access

19. .Digital Divide : Definition
The "digital divide" - a term that refers to the gaps in access to information and communication technology (ICT) - threatens the ICT "have-nots", whether individuals, groups or entire countries.
Education and learning lie at the heart of these issues and their solutions. The gaps that define the "learning digital divide" are thus as important as the more obvious gaps in access to the technology itself.
ngthedigitaldivide.htm

20. Global Digital Divide
The divide between differing countries or regions of the world is referred to as the global digital divide, examining this technological gap between developing and developed countries on an international scale.

22. Second Digital Divide
One of the key findings from a recent report by the OECD was that "the digital divide in education goes beyond the issue of access to technology.  A second digital divide separates those with the competencies and skills to benefit from computer use from those without."

23. Digital Divide

24. Digital Divide Parameters
Digital Access Index (DAI)
ICT Development Index (IDI)
Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)

26. Digital Access Index (DAI)
The Digital Access Index reflects the ability of each country's population to take advantage of internet communication technologies.
It is a composite score of eight variables describing availability of infrastructure, affordability of access, educational level, quality of information and communication technology services, and Internet usage.
Source -

27. Digital Access Index
The Digital Access Index (DAI) measures the overall ability of individuals in a country to access and use information and communication technologies.
It consists of eight variables organized into five categories.
Each variable is converted to an indicator with a value between zero and one by dividing it by the maximum value or “goalpost”. Each indicator is then weighted within its category and the resulting category index values are averaged to obtain the overall DAI value.
Source -

28. Digital Access Index

29. Digital Access Index

31. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)
The Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) is based on 11 ICT indicators, grouped in 3 clusters: opportunity, infrastructure and utilization.
The Digital Opportunity Index measures these aspects, including price and affordability of ICTs (Internet and mobile), relative to average income.
Source - /

32. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)
The Digital Opportunity Index measures the ICT penetration of households and individuals relative to 100% ownership, to measure growth in the ICT development of each economy over time.
This enables cross-country comparisons, as well as comparisons of growth in digital opportunity over time.
Source -

35. ICT Development Index
The ICT Development Index (IDI), which has been published annually since 2009, is a composite index that combines 11 indicators into one benchmark measure.
It is used to monitor and compare developments in information and communication technology (ICT) between countries and over time.
Source -

36. ICT Development Index
ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs calculates IDI Stage 1: ICT readiness – reflecting the level of networked infrastructure and access to ICTs;
Stage 2: ICT intensity – reflecting the level of use of ICTs in the society; and
Stage 3: ICT impact – reflecting the results/outcomes of more efficient and effective ICT use.
Source -

38. ICT Development Index

42. Comparsion Report World_India_
IDI 2017 Rank -
134
IDI 2016 Rank
138
IDI 2017 Value
5.11
3.03
IDI 2016 Value
4.94
2.65
IDI ACCESS SUB-INDEX
5.59
3.6
Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
13.57
1.88
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
101.53
86.95
International internet bandwidth per Internet user (Bit/s)
74464
Percentage of households with computer
46.61
15.2
Percentage of households with Internet access
51.46
22.64
IDI USE SUB-INDEX
4.26
1.62
Percentage of individuals using the Internet
45.91
29.55
Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
12.39
1.44
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
52.23
16.76
IDI SKILLS SUB-INDEX
5.85
4.73
Mean years of schooling
8.52
6.3
Secondary gross enrolment ratio 84
74.28
Tertiary gross enrolment ratio
38.69
25.54

45. Behind Digital Divide in India
Parameters
Spatial Location
Economical status
Social Barriers
Policies
Disabilities
Geographical Location

46. Behind Digital Divide in India
Lack of Physical Resources
Lack of trained/skilled Human Resource
Lack of connectivity
Lack of preparedness/awareness
Lack of political and administrative will

47. Bridging Digital Divide
Govt. schemes to provide ICT tools, infrastructure, connectivity and training
NGO initiatives
ICT Awareness through Skill based approach
Management & Community Contribution
Blended Learning approach
Use of Assistive Technology
Justified use of ICT with basics of pedagogy

48. Thanks !
‘Technology will not replace great teachers but technology in the hands of great teachers can be transformable’ – George Course

49. References
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