1. The Knee

2. Bones Femur, tibia ,patella (sesamoid)
Primary Movement at tibiofermoral
Patella glides up and down on the front of Femur- patella femoral joint

3. Cartilage
Ends of tibia and femur covered and cushioned by menisci which is tough cartilage tissue
Stops bones from rubbing against each other & stabilizes joints
Attached to the top of tibia
C-shaped
Only outer portion receives blood supply about 4/5 is avascular (no blood supply)
That’s why surgery is need because tears cannot be healed by the body

4. Ligaments 4 Primary Ligaments (ACL,PCL,MCL,LCL)
Medial Collateral ligament
Lateral Collateral ligament
Anterior Cruciate ligament
Posterior Cruciate ligament

5. Muscles QUADRICEPS GROUP Primary Movement of Quads Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Rectus fermoris
Primary Movement of Quads
Extension

6. Hamstring Group Biceps femoris (long and short head) Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Primary movement of hamstring is knee flexion

7. Accessory Muscles
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius

8. Ligaments sprains are most common injuries
Knee injuries
Ligaments sprains are most common injuries

9. ACL-keeps tibia from moving forward on femur
MOI: can be non contact (changing directions, twisting)or contact (direct blow to anterior or leg) HYPEREXTENSION
C/O: pain, swelling, inability to straighten leg, popping, collapsing of knee
Tx: RICE, refers to orthopedist for MRI, surgery/rehab
Reconstructed arthroscopically by cadaever tendon, patellar tendon, or hamstring tendon
Return to activities after surgery is 3-6 months; bracing optional

10. PCL-prevents posterior tibial movement on femur
MOI: a fall when the bent knee bears full weight, forceful hyper flexed
C/O: hearing a “pop”
Tx.: refers to orthopedic, rehab program focusing on the ROM and quad strength; usually non-surgical

11. MCL- prevents valgus stress (knee bends inward
MOI: blow to outside (lateral) knee
C/O: medial joint pain, swelling determined by severity of sprain, discomfort, joint laxity (stretch ligaments ) Loss of ROM
Tx: RICE, Rehab ,R/O meniscus injury; usually non- surgically

12. LCL-prevents varus stress (knee bends outward)
MOI: blow to inside of knee (medial)
C/O: decrease in ROM
Rehab focus on lateral thigh and hamstring strengthening

13. Muscle and Tendon injuries

14. Quad and Hamstring Strain
MOI: overuse Excessive force/stretching
C/O pain/soreness Lack of ROM
Tx: ice ,stim compression wrap for activities, stretch to the point of no pain

15. Patellar Tendinitis (jumpers Knee)
MOI: excessive jumping
C/O pain swelling
Tx: ice patellar strap for counterforce

16. Bone Injuries

17. Patellar Femoral Syndrome (patellar tracking problems)
MOI: patella not moving smoothly, weak quadriceps muscles
C/O: pain around the knee discomfort
Cartilage wears away from underside of patella known as chondromalacia
Grinding senstation
Tx: correct patellar tracking

18. Patella dislocation
MOI: patella forced laterally. Occurs when knee is bent and twisted inward
C/O: obvious deformity; pain
Tx: Immobilize; reduce dislocation; rehab

19. Meniscal Injuries
Meniscal tear can be on outer edge middle or inside edge or on the ends