1. genetics EOC review

2. Incomplete/codominance video
Genetics video
Incomplete/codominance video
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pedigree video:
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Review activities/animations:

3. Gregor Mendel worked with pea plants to learn the basic patterns of inheritance.
Phenotype – what the organism looks like
Genotype – the gene combination – either Homozygous (TT or tt) or Heterozygous (Tt)
Homozygous (aka: pure breeding, true breeding)
Homozygous dominant- HH (shows dominant trait)
Homozygous recessive- hh (shows recessive trait)
Heterozygous (aka: hybrid)- Hh (shows dominant trait)
Monohybrid Cross – follows 1 trait through several generations
Dihybrid cross – follows two traits
Simple Genetics

4. Simple Genetics Tt Tt tt P(parental) TT x tt F1 generation T T T t
t geno- all Tt T geno – ¼ TT, ½ Tt, ¼ tt (1:2:1 geno. ratio)
t pheno – all tall t pheno – ¾ Tall; ¼ short (3:1 pheno. ratio)
F2 generation
T t T t
T geno- ½ TT; ½ Tt (1:1 geno. ratio) t geno – ½ Tt; ½ tt (1:1 geno. ratio)
T pheno – all Tall t pheno– ½ Tall; ½ short (1:1) Tt TT Tt tt TT Tt Tt tt
Simple Genetics

5. Complex Genetics Incomplete Dominance – intermediate/blended phenotype
Ex) snap dragons  Red (RR) X White (R’R’)  all Pink
R R R R’
R’ geno- all RR’ R’ geno- ¼ RR; ½ RR’; ¼ R’R’
R’ pheno-all pink R’ pheno- ¼red; ½ pink; ¼ white
Codominance – both parental phenotypes show up in offspring
Ex) Chickens  Black x White Black and White feathers
Multiple Allelism – trait with 3+ alleles
ex) A, B, O blood types
Complex Genetics
RR’ RR
RR’
R’R’

6. Complex Genetics Sex Linkage – genes carried on sex chromosomes
Ex) hemophilia, color blindness Cross shows a carrier female and a normal male. For a female to inherit the trait the father must have it and the mother must at least be a carrier
Polygenic Inheritance – traits controlled by many genes
Ex) Height, hair color
Aneuploidy – condition caused by having abnormal chromosome number.
Ex) Down’s Syndrome aka Trisomy 21
Ex) Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY syndrome)
Complex Genetics

7. Vocab review game

8. Term: genotype Term: sex-linked Definition: genetic make- up; letters
Definition: traits controlled by the X chromosome

9. Term: test cross Term: dominant
Definition: used to determine the genotype of an organism showing the dominant trait
Definition: trait that is observed; masks the recessive

10. Term: homozygous Term: nondisjunction
Definition: pure; two of the same alleles for a trait
Definition: when chromosome pairs fail to separate during Meiosis

11. Term: incomplete dominance Term: karyotype
Definition: neither allele is dominant; hybrid is a blend of the alleles
Definition: picture of paired chromosomes

12. Term: multiple alleles
Term: heterozygous
Term: multiple alleles
Definition: hybrid; two different alleles for a trait
Definition: more than one allele for a trait (ex. blood types)

13. Term: recessive Term: phenotype Definition: trait that is masked
Definition: physical appearance based on alleles

14. Term: pedigree Term: polygenic
Definition: visual representation of genetic inheritance (family tree)
Definition: trait is controlled by more than one gene

15. Term: codominant Term: carrier
Definition: both alleles are dominant; hybrid shows both alleles
Definition: individual that shows dominant trait, but has a recessive allele

16. What am I game

17. Test cross
Blood type
crossing an unknown phenotype with a homozygous recessive to determine the genotyoe on the unknown
trait you get with a combination of these alleles- IA, IB,i

18. Polygenic traits Eye color
traits such as height, eye color, skin color
Polygenic trait in humans; these can be blue, green, brown, or hazel

19. Autosomal recessive X and mother
Sickle cell anemia is inherited this way since both males and females get it when they have two little letters.
Hemophilia is carried on the ______ chromosome that usually comes from which parent?

20. Incomplete dominance Gregor Mendel Inheritance when
blue X yellow = green
Who discovered how some things are inherited

21. genotype heterozygous Homozygous dominant hybrid Homozygous recessive

22. phenotype
genotype
When you look and see a watermelon has stripes BB

23. Practice eoc questions

24. Purple flowers are dominant over white flowers
Purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. A pure purple flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant.
What percent of the offspring are homozygous?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100% A

25. If red snapdragon flowers are crossed with white snapdragons, pink snapdragon flowers are produced.
If two pink snapdragons are crossed what are the expected phenotypic results?
A. ¼ red, ½ pink, ¼ white
B. ¾ red, ¼ white
C. ¼ red, ¾ white
D. ½ red, ½ white A

26. A boy with blood type A has a sister with blood type B
A boy with blood type A has a sister with blood type B. What are the possible blood types of their parents?
Type O and type O
Type AB and type O
Type AA and type B
Type A and type A B

27. A. Chromosomes of different lengths B. Two X chromosomes
When viewing a karyotype to detect genetic disorders, which of the following would be a concern?
A. Chromosomes of different lengths
B. Two X chromosomes
C. Twenty-three pairs of chromosomes
D. Three chromosomes in any one set D

28. Eye color in fruit flies is a sex linked trait, where red is dominant
Eye color in fruit flies is a sex linked trait, where red is dominant. If a female fruit fly is a carrier and is mated with a white-eyed male, what percent of their offspring would have white eyes?
A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% C

29. When roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of a roan cow consists of both red and white hairs. What controls this trait?
A. Incomplete dominance
B. Codominant alleles
C. Sex-linked genes
D. Polygenic inheritance B

30. Because the gene for red-green color blindness is located on the X chromosome, it is normally not possible for which of the following to occur?
A. Carrier mother to pass the gene on to her daughter
B. Carrier mother to pass the gene on to her son
C. Color blind father to pass the gene on to his daughter
D. Color blind father to pass the gene on to his son D

31. A man heterozygous for blood type A marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. What is the chance that their first child will have type O blood?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75% B

32. A. Nondisjunction; down syndrome
  When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, which is known as _____________. This event can lead to a disorder such as ___________. A
A. Nondisjunction; down syndrome
B. Translocation; diabetes
C. Disjunction; Cystic fibrosis
D. Crossing over; sickle cell anemia

33. Infer as to why is colorblindness more common in males than in females?
A. Fathers pass the alleles for colorblindness to their sons only
B. The allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome
C. The allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome
D. Males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness C

34. If a mother develops melanoma, skin cancer, why is she not concerned that her unborn child will have the same condition?
A. The mutation has not occurred in the gametes and therefore is not inheritable
B. The mutation has not occurred in the somatic cell and therefore is not inheritable
C. The DNA of the child only came from the father
D. The DNA of the child can be repaired through gene therapy A

35. A. sex linked, oxygen, malaria B. autosomal recessive, oxygen, malaria
Sickle cell anemia is a(n) ________________disorder characterized by crescent shaped red blood cells that cannot transport __________ throughout the body efficiently. Heterozygotes have an incomplete dominance to ____________ making them tolerant by preventing the parasite from attaching to the red blood cell.
A. sex linked, oxygen, malaria
B. autosomal recessive, oxygen, malaria
C. autosomal dominant, water, flu
D. autosomal recessive, water, flu B

36. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic condition as seen in this pedigree. If female II-1 marries a heterozygous male, what genotypic and phenotypic ratios would be expected of their offspring?
A. genotype: 1:3, phenotype: 4: 0
B. genotype: 1:1, phenotype: 1:1
C. genotype: 4:0, phenotype: 4: 0
D. genotype: 1:2:1, phenotype: 3:1 I II 1 D
III

37. Chromosomal Abnormality Pedigree Malaria Sickle Cell Anemia
Vocabulary
Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Sex – linked traits
Polygenic Traits
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Sex chromosomes
Karyotype
Chromosomal Abnormality
Pedigree
Malaria
Sickle Cell Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Huntington’s Disease
Blood Type
Hemophilia
PKU
Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome)
Essential Questions
Distinguish when recessive traits are expressed in the phenotype.
What are examples of human sex-linked traits?
Who is affected most often?
Interpret pedigrees and karyotypes in order to identify patterns of inheritance?
Generalize autosomal inheritance patterns.
Explain the connections between genetics and the environment with regards to general traits as well as human genetic disorders.

38. Red and blue are 2 popular variations of a particular flower
Red and blue are 2 popular variations of a particular flower. A gardener began experiments breeding with this flower. His results are shown in the following 2 ratios:
F1: 0 red, 0 blue, 100 purple
F2 25% red, 25% blue, 50% purple
What type of inheritance is shown by these flowers?
In mice, brown hair is dominant to white. Cross a heterozygous female with a heterozygous male. The phenotypic ratio will yield?
A unit of heredity, composed of a segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains information required to manufacture a protein and will eventually be expressed as a trait, is called a:

39. genetics game:
genetics hangman:
human genetics matching:
Mendel’s laws game: