1. Which mineral is the most abundant in the earth’s crust?
Tues. April 29 Do Now
Which mineral is the most abundant in the earth’s crust?

2. Learning Intentions Students will be able to –
Describe the difference between a rock and mineral
Explain how the 3 different types of rocks are formed
Examine the rock cycle and the process that minerals go through to form different types of rocks

3. Groups of rocks
There are three groups of rocks that are formed by the processes in the Earth’s crust.
An igneous rock forms from the cooling and crystallizing of magma or lava.
A sedimentary rock is made of sediments.
A metamorphic rock is a rock that is formed from another rock because of heat and pressure.

5. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks begin to form when rock melts in Earth’s mantle.
Decreased pressure and the addition of water lower the melting temperature of mantle rock so that it melts.

7. Crystals in igneous rocks
As the rock cools, the minerals in the rock crystallize and grow
Crystallization is the process by which crystals form and grow in size.
Quicker it cools – less crystals form

8. Comparing igneous rocks
An igneous rock that forms above Earth’s surface is called an extrusive rock.
An igneous rock that forms within Earth’s crust is called an intrusive rock.
Which rocks are more likely to have large crystals?

9. Comparing igneous rocks
Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock
Takes a very long time to cool – sometimes millions of years
Therefore have larger crystals than extrusive rocks

10. How rocks change
Igneous Rocks are formed when lava or magma solidifies.
These rocks can become other kinds of rocks when they are broken down then cemented together with other sediment, or changed by heat and pressure.

11. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of broken down rock.
Sedimentary rocks are the most common rock found on Earth’s surface.

13. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are identified by the size of the particles that form them.
Mudstone – made of mud
Sandstone – made of sand
Conglomerate – made of pebbles

14. Sedimentary Rocks Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock layers.
Limestone is sedimentary rock made mostly of fossils
Where might organisms get covered by sediments?

15. Metamorphic Rocks
A metamorphic rock is a rock formed from another kind of rock due to heat and pressure.
Metamorphism means to change the form of something.

16. Metamorphic rocks
When magma comes in contact with another type of rock, the high heat may form metamorphic rock near the point of contact.
This is called contact metamorphism.

17. Metamorphic rocks
During contact metamorphism limestone becomes marble under heat and pressure.

18. Metamorphic rocks
High-grade metamorphism involves high pressure and either low or high temperatures.
In this process, the minerals in a rock change to form new minerals.

20. Metamorphic rocks
Heat and pressure result when colliding continents form mountains at a convergent boundary.
Mountains are where we find metamorphic rocks.

21. The rock cycle
There are many processes that keep rocks moving through a cycle:
Weathering
Erosion
Compaction and cementation
Metamorphism
Melting and crystallizing