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EÐL605G / Líf í alheimi Stjörnufræði/eðlisfræði – efnafræði – lífvísindi – jarðvísindi/plánetufræði Atóm – efnatengi Efnatengi kolefnis Atóm og sameindir í geimnum; Upplýsingaöflun skv. litrófsmælingum(?) Sameindir í alheimi; Tilvist og tilurð(?) Samspil “ljóss” og sameinda; ljósefnafræði, ljósjónun, ljósrofnun Varmaefnafræði Lífefnafræði
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? : n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 E s Orka sameinda(svigrúma) líka skömmtuð : E :
2x n = 3 n = 2 2x ? n = 1 2x
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- + - + - - Netto kraftur = F = F+ + F- Aðdráttar- Kraftar, F- fráhrindi- kraftur, F+ ATH
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- r F: F: F: F: . F = - dU dr U r - *
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- + - + - - Netto kraftur = F = F+ + F- Aðdráttar- Kraftar, F- fráhrindi- kraftur, F+ U r Þ.e. orkan háð fjarlægð milli atóma mættisferill
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E E : : A(n=3) A(n=3) + B n = 3 n = 3 A(n=2) A(n=2) + B n = 2 n = 2 A(n=1) A(n=1) + B n = 1 n = 1 A A - B rAB
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Y A - B A(n) + B rAB A - B rAB A(n) + B v = 0 v = 1 v = 2 v = 3 E(v)
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A - B A B A(n) + B Evib vex með v Ekin = Evib E(v) =Etotal Upot Ekin
max = Evib E(v) =Etotal Upot Ekin rAB
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A - B A B A(n) + B Evib vex með v E(v) =Etotal Evib » C(v+1/2) rAB
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J=0 J=1 J=2 J=3 J=4 J=5 E(J) E(J) vex með J E(J) = BJ(J+1)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : : E(v) E(J) n=3 : n=2 E(n) : n=1 E(n)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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Gamma röntgen Útfjólubl. Sýni- legt innrautt Útvarps- bylgjur örbylgjur
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : : E(v) E(J) n=3 : n=2 E(n) : n=1 E(n)
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...eða útgeislun:
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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Orion nebula H atóm
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Bylgju- lengd Gler- strendingur
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A=H A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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A=H A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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H2
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Sbr. Gagnabankar: Sameindir:
Atóm:
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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kolmonoxíð Örbylgjuróf/ snúningsróf metanol Glycine
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Glycine EN:
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or Circumstellar Shells
Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells
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or Circumstellar Shells :
2 atoms 3 atoms 4 atoms 5 atoms 6 atoms 7 atoms H2 C3* c-C3H C5* C5H C6H AlF C2H l-C3H C4H l-H2C4 CH2CHCN AlCl C2O C3N C4Si C2H4* CH3C2H C2** C2S C3O l-C3H2 CH3CN HC5N CH CH2 2005 C3S c-C3H2 CH3NC CH3CHO CH+ 2005 HCN C2H2* H2CCN CH3OH CH3NH2 CN HCO NH3 CH4* CH3SH c-C2H4O CO HCO+ HCCN HC3N HC3NH+ H2CCHOH CO+ HCS+ HCNH+ HC2NC HC2CHO C6H– 2006 CP HOC+ HNCO HCOOH NH2CHO SiC H2O HNCS H2CNH C5N HCl H2S HOCO+ H2C2O l-HC4H* (?) KCl HNC H2CO H2NCN l-HC4N NH HNO H2CN HNC3 c-H2C3O 2006 NO MgCN H2CS SiH4* H2CCNH (?) 2006 NS MgNC H3O+ H2COH+ OH N2O CH3* PN NaCN SO OCS SO+ SO2 SiN c-SiC2 SiO CO2* SiS NH2 CS H3+* HF H2D+, HD2+ SH* SiCN HD AlNC FeO (?) SiNC O2 (?) 2005 CF+ 2006 SiH (?) 8 atoms 9 atoms 10 atoms 11 atoms 12 atoms 13 atoms CH3C3N CH3C4H CH3C5N 2006 HC9N C6H6* (?) HC11N HCOOCH3 CH3CH2CN (CH3)2CO 2005 CH3C6H 2006 C2H5OCH3 (?) 2005 CH3COOH (CH3)2O (CH2OH)2 2005 C7H CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CHO H2C6 HC7N CH2OHCHO 2006 C8H l-HC6H* (?) CH3C(O)NH2 2006 CH2CHCHO (?) CH2CCHCN 2006 Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :
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or Circumstellar Shells :
2 atoms 3 atoms 4 atoms 5 atoms 6 atoms 7 atoms H2 C3* c-C3H C5* C5H C6H AlF C2H l-C3H C4H l-H2C4 CH2CHCN AlCl C2O C3N C4Si C2H4* CH3C2H C2** C2S C3O l-C3H2 CH3CN HC5N CH CH2 2005 C3S c-C3H2 CH3NC CH3CHO CH+ 2005 HCN C2H2* H2CCN CH3OH CH3NH2 CN HCO NH3 CH4* CH3SH c-C2H4O CO HCO+ HCCN HC3N HC3NH+ H2CCHOH CO+ HCS+ HCNH+ HC2NC HC2CHO C6H– 2006 CP HOC+ HNCO HCOOH NH2CHO SiC H2O HNCS H2CNH C5N HCl H2S HOCO+ H2C2O l-HC4H* (?) KCl HNC H2CO H2NCN l-HC4N NH HNO H2CN HNC3 c-H2C3O 2006 NO MgCN H2CS SiH4* H2CCNH (?) 2006 NaCl N2H+ c-SiC3 OH N2O CH3* PN NaCN SO OCS SO+ SO2 SiN c-SiC2 SiO CO2* SiS NH2 CS H3+* HF H2D+, HD2+ SH* SiCN FeO (?) SiNC O2 (?) 2005 CF+ 2006 SiH (?) 8 atoms 9 atoms 10 atoms 11 atoms 12 atoms 13 atoms CH3C3N CH3C4H CH3C5N 2006 HC9N C6H6* (?) HC11N HCOOCH3 CH3CH2CN (CH3)2CO 2005 CH3C6H 2006 C2H5OCH3 (?) 2005 CH3COOH (CH3)2O (CH2OH)2 2005 C7H CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CHO H2C6 HC7N CH2OHCHO 2006 C8H l-HC6H* (?) CH3C(O)NH2 2006 CH2CHCHO (?) CH2CCHCN 2006 2 atoms 3 atoms 4 atoms 5 atoms 6 atoms 7 atoms H2 C3* c-C3H C5* C5H C6H AlF C2H l-C3H C4H l-H2C4 CH2CHCN AlCl C2O C3N C4Si C2H4* CH3C2H C2** C2S C3O l-C3H2 CH3CN HC5N CH CH2 2005 C3S c-C3H2 CH3NC CH3CHO CH+ 2005 HCN C2H2* H2CCN CH3OH CH3NH2 CN HCO NH3 CH4* CH3SH c-C2H4O CO HCO+ HCCN HC3N HC3NH+ H2CCHOH CO+ HCS+ HCNH+ HC2NC HC2CHO C6H– 2006 CP HOC+ HNCO HCOOH NH2CHO SiC H2O HNCS H2CNH C5N HCl H2S HOCO+ H2C2O l-HC4H* (?) KCl HNC H2CO H2NCN l-HC4N NH HNO H2CN HNC3 c-H2C3O 2006 NO MgCN H2CS SiH4* H2CCNH (?) 2006 NaCl N2H+ c-SiC3 OH N2O CH3* PN NaCN SO OCS SO+ SO2 SiN c-SiC2 SiO CO2* SiS NH2 CS H3+* HF H2D+, HD2+ SH* SiCN HD AlNC FeO (?) SiNC O2 (?) 2005 CF+ 2006 SiH (?) 8 atoms 9 atoms 10 atoms 11 atoms 12 atoms 13 atoms CH3C3N CH3C4H CH3C5N 2006 HC9N C6H6* (?) HC11N HCOOCH3 CH3CH2CN (CH3)2CO 2005 CH3C6H 2006 C2H5OCH3 (?) 2005 CH3COOH (CH3)2O (CH2OH)2 2005 C7H CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CHO H2C6 HC7N CH2OHCHO 2006 C8H l-HC6H* (?) CH3C(O)NH2 2006 CH2CHCHO (?) CH2CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :
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or Circumstellar Shells
2 atoms 3 atoms 4 atoms 5 atoms 6 atoms 7 atoms H2 C3* c-C3H C5* C5H C6H AlF C2H l-C3H C4H l-H2C4 CH2CHCN AlCl C2O C3N C4Si C2H4* CH3C2H C2** C2S C3O l-C3H2 CH3CN HC5N CH CH2 2005 C3S c-C3H2 CH3NC CH3CHO CH+ 2005 HCN C2H2* H2CCN CH3OH CH3NH2 CN HCO NH3 CH4* CH3SH c-C2H4O CO HCO+ HCCN HC3N HC3NH+ H2CCHOH CO+ HCS+ HCNH+ HC2NC HC2CHO C6H– 2006 CP HOC+ HNCO HCOOH NH2CHO SiC H2O HNCS H2CNH C5N HCl H2S HOCO+ H2C2O l-HC4H* (?) KCl HNC H2CO H2NCN l-HC4N NH HNO H2CN HNC3 c-H2C3O 2006 NO MgCN H2CS SiH4* H2CCNH (?) 2006 NaCl N2H+ c-SiC3 OH N2O CH3* PN NaCN SO OCS SO+ SO2 SiN c-SiC2 SiO CO2* SiS NH2 CS H3+* HF H2D+, HD2+ SH* SiCN HD AlNC FeO (?) SiNC O2 (?) 2005 CF+ 2006 SiH (?) 8 atoms 9 atoms 10 atoms 11 atoms 12 atoms 13 atoms CH3C3N CH3C4H CH3C5N 2006 HC9N C6H6* (?) HC11N HCOOCH3 CH3CH2CN (CH3)2CO 2005 CH3C6H 2006 C2H5OCH3 (?) 2005 CH3COOH (CH3)2O (CH2OH)2 2005 C7H CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CHO H2C6 HC7N CH2OHCHO 2006 C8H l-HC6H* (?) CH3C(O)NH2 2006 CH2CHCHO (?) CH2CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells
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http://www. nature. com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10542
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Myndast í grennd við ungar stjörnur (?)
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»75% »25% <1% Vetni(H) Helíum(He) Annað(C,O,N,Si..)
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- +
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+ - + nAB nhn E nAB = nhn
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+ -
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+ + - nAB nhn E nAB = nhn
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H – skynjun?: - H óskautað => engin gleypni vegna snúnings- eða titrings-tilfærslna - Gleypni á fjær útfjólubláa litrófssviðinu / truflað af andrúmslofti Jörð
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H – skynjun?: - H óskautað => engin gleypni vegna snúning eða titringstilfærslna - Gleypni á fjær útfjólubláa litrófssviðinu / truflað af andrúmslofti Jörð
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l = 21 cm n = MHz Líftími: ár (t0) Raun-líftími ár (t)
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Orion nebula H atóm
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tegunda- og magngreining möguleg
MEIRA? Innbyrðis styrkur litrófslína, sama efnis breytilegur (?)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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A A-B E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)
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(1) (2)
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“Hitamælir”: Calc. measured
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Hiti mismikill í geimnum, sbr.:
...sameindaský “giant molecular clouds” / GMC Heit sameindaský: ..í nánd við stjörnur / ljósorku Köld sameindaský: Fjarri stjörnum / ljósorku
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Köld sameindaský:
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H2 Köld sameindaský: »75% »25% <1% Vetni(H) Helíum(He)
Annað(C,O,N,Si..)
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