1. Preview p.108
Consider your own experiences with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Have you experienced true hunger or thirst that displaced your concern for other, higher-level needs? Do you usually feel safe? Loved? Confident? How often do you feel you are able to address what Maslow called your “self-actualization” needs?

2. Sexual Motivation pp

3. Optimum Arousal Theory Review
Sensation-seeking behavior:
Human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal

4. The Kinsey Reports Challenged conventional beliefs about sexuality
Discussed subjects that had previously been taboo.
The “Kinsey scale”
most American males fell in the 1 to 2 range
10% of the population homosexual
Sampling Issues: 25% prison inmates, 5% male prositutes

5. Sexual Dysfunctions Hypoactive desire/Aversion to sex
Erectile dysfunction/Sexual arousal disorder
Premature ejaculation
Dysparuenia

6. Sexual Paraphilias Fetishism Exhibitionism Sadism/Masochism Voyeruism
Pedophilia

7. Gender Identity Disorder
Feels a strong identification with the opposite sex
Experiences great discomfort with anatomic gender
Affects individual’s self-image

8. Hormones and Sexual Behavior
Estrogen
Testosterone

9. Teen Pregnancy Ignorance Guilt related to sexual activity
Minimal communication about birth control
Alcohol use
Mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity

10. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Two-thirds of new infections occur in persons under 25
2011 CDC study of U.S. high school students:
47.4% had ever had sexual intercourse
33.7% had had sexual intercourse in the last 3 months, and of these
39.8% did not use a condom the last time they had sex
76.7% did not use birth control the last time they had sex
15.3% had sex with four or more people in their life

11. Sexually Transmitted Infections
An estimated 8,300 young people aged years in the 40 states reporting to CDC had HIV infection in 2009
Nearly half of the 19 million new STD’s each year are among young people aged years
More than 400,000 teen girls aged years gave birth in 2009

12. Predictors of Sexual Restraint
High intelligence
Religiosity
Father presence
Participation in service learning programs

13. Sexual Orientation
As recently as the 1970s, the American Psychiatric Association classified homosexuality as a mental illness in the DSM. Today, psychiatrists and psychologists DO NOT view homosexuality as a mental disorder.

14. Be intolerant of intolerance
There is no excuse for negative prejudice or discrimination against people that you may feel are different sexually.

15. Origins of Sexual Orientation
Is homosexuality linked with problems in a child’s relationships with parents, such as with a domineering mother and an ineffectual father, or a possessive mother and a hostile father?
Does homosexuality involve a fear or hatred of people of the other gender, leading individuals to direct their sexual desires toward members of their own sex?
Is sexual orientation linked with levels of sex hormones currently in the blood?
As children, were many homosexuals molested, seduced, or otherwise sexually victimized by an adult homosexual?

16. After examining all relevant information... NO

17. Biological Influences on Orientation
Natural part of the animal world
Hypothalamic differences
Shared sexual orientation is higher among identical twins than among fraternal twins
Altered prenatal hormone exposure may lead to homosexuality in humans and others animals.
**Correlational findings = limited conclusions

18. Sex and Human Values

19. Process p.108
How might the evolutionary perspective, drive-reduction theory, and arousal theory explain our sexual motivation?

20. Process p.108 (ANSWERS)
Drive-reduction theory could imply that hormonal influences create a driven state that compels us to reduce the drive.
Arousal theory could add that people sometimes seek the the pleasure and stimulation of arousal, with social-cultural influences on what leads people to feel aroused and how they seek optimum arousal levels.
Evolutionary psychologists would remind us that those motivated to mate were more likely to leave descendants - us - than were others who lacked sexual motivation