Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action

Published byTeresa Waters Modified over 5 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action"— Presentation transcript:

1 Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action
Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

2 The Process of Nuclear Decay
Nuclear Decay: a process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation radioactivity is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy radioisotope An isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay During nuclear decay, atoms of one element can change into atoms of a different element altogether This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

3 Types of Nuclear Radiation
alpha particle a type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons the product isotope has two fewer protons & two fewer neutrons than the reactant isotope beta particle a high-speed electron with a 1- charge that is emitted during radioactive decay beta decay the product isotope has one proton more and one neutron fewer than the reactant isotope mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

4 Gamma Ray:s a gamma ray is a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus Gamma radiation has no mass and no charge During gamma decay the atomic number & mass number remain the same, but the energy of the nucleus decreases Gamma radiation is very penetrating compared to the alpha and beta This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

5 Types of Nuclear Radiation
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

6 Sources &Effects of Nuclear Radiation
Definition: background radiation (also called naturally occurring nuclear radiation) occurs naturally in the environment When nuclear radiation exceeds background levels, it can damage cells and tissues Nuclear radiation can ionize atoms including alpha, beta and gamma Alpha can burn skin but is not serious unless inhaled or eaten (ex: radon gas in homes) Beta does more damage than alpha, but less than gamma Gamma rays cause extensive damage mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

7 Detecting Nuclear Radiation
Devices that are used to detect nuclear radiation include geiger counters & film badges Film badges are worn by people who work with radiation to detect excessive levels mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

8 Half-Life & Rates of decay
Definition: half-life is the time required for one half of a sample of a radioisotope to decay Half life = total time of decay/half-life Q: If a radioactive sample has decayed until one eighth of the original sample remains, how many HL have elapsed? A: three HL ( ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/8 ) Nuclear decay rates are constant regardless of temperature, pressure or surface area of the reactant (ex: uranium-238) Chemical reactions are affected by local conditions (temp, press, surface area, etc.) mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

9 Half-Life & Rates of decay
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

10 Estimating Age Carbon-14 has an unstable nucleus and is radioactive
It can be used to determine the age of an object by comparing the object’s carbon-14 levels with the carbon-14 levels in the atmosphere 146C --> 147N + 0-1e (half-life is 5720 years) Any object can be dated that is less than 50,000 years old Older objects contain too little carbon to be useful This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

11 Particle Accelerators
Definition: transmutation is conversion of atoms of one element into atoms of another element Scientists can bombard atomic nuclei with high energy protons, neutrons or alpha particles creating a new element The equipment used to do this is called a particle accelerator An important accelerator is located in Illinois This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

12 Nuclear Fission Definition: fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts Tremendous amounts of energy can be produced from very small amounts of mass by creating a chain reaction Definition: a chain reaction produces a series of nuclear reactions by releasing neutrons off an initial nuclear trigger Speed of the reaction can vary Controlled reactions can be used to produce electricity This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

13 The Process of Fission Definition: critical mass is the smallest possible mass of fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction The fissionable material in the United States is radioactive uranium-235 Electricity production with controlled fission takes place at nuclear power plants There are not many out West, although some politicians are trying to change that Currently, the majority of nuclear power plants are located East of Nevada This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

14 Using Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear power plants do not emit air pollutants unlike power plants that burn fossil fuels Workers in nuclear plants must wear protective clothing reducing exposure to radiation The uranium-235 produces many radioactive isotopes The waste must be stored for hundreds of half-lives or thousands of years This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

15 The waste must be isolated from humans & the environment
Operators have lost control of the reactor from time to time During a nuclear core meltdown the core melts and radioactive material can be released A partial meltdown happened in 1986 in Chernobyl, Ukraine Chernobyl will be uninhabitable for many generations to come It came to close to happening at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

16 Fusion Definition: fusion is the process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus A fraction of the reactant is converted to energy during this process but we do not yet have the technology to harness the energy & convert it to electricity Fusion requires the temperature of the sun in excess of 10 million degrees Definition: plasma is a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons Fusion reactors do not yet exist due to the temperatures required to start the reaction & they must contain plasma mcqscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/8/ /pearson_ps_ch_10_edline.pptx

Download ppt "Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action"

Similar presentations

Nuclear Chemistry A Short Study.

Nuclear Chemistry A Short Study.
Nuclear Energy Radioactivity and Half-Life FissionFusion.

Nuclear Energy Radioactivity and Half-Life FissionFusion.
Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Chemistry.
Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the study of the structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo.

Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the study of the structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo.
Nuclear Reactions.

Nuclear Reactions.
Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 28. Nuclear Radiation 28-1.

Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 28. Nuclear Radiation 28-1.
Radioactivity.

Radioactivity.
Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry. Standards Addressed in this Chapter SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry. Standards Addressed in this Chapter SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.
Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry.

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear Energy SI. A. What does radioactive mean? 1. Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.

Nuclear Energy SI. A. What does radioactive mean? 1. Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.
1. What is radioactivity? Radioactivity is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. 2. What is a radioisotope?

1. What is radioactivity? Radioactivity is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. 2. What is a radioisotope?
NUCLEAR CHANGES. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity: process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic.

NUCLEAR CHANGES. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity: process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic.
Nuclear Chemistry I. Radioactivity A.Definitions B.Types of Nuclear Radiation C.Half-Life.

Nuclear Chemistry I. Radioactivity A.Definitions B.Types of Nuclear Radiation C.Half-Life.
Ch. 28 Nuclear Chemistry C. Smith. I. Nuclear Radiation A. Radioactivity 1. Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that have unstable nuclei. 2. They gain.

Ch. 28 Nuclear Chemistry C. Smith. I. Nuclear Radiation A. Radioactivity 1. Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that have unstable nuclei. 2. They gain.
Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.

Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.
CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.

CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.
Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity  Radioisotopes – isotopes that are unstable, who’s nucleus undergoes changes to gain stability  Radiation – the penetration.

Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity  Radioisotopes – isotopes that are unstable, who’s nucleus undergoes changes to gain stability  Radiation – the penetration.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google