1. What will you learn today?
Health Trends
The Challenge
Action Needed

2. Healthy Students Better Learners!
Stand up if you believe this statement is true.
Then why don’t we do a better job feeding and exercising our children?
How much is our children’s health worth?
Optional: $50,000 in soda sales? Or maybe it’s $100,000 in our ala carte programs?
Another option:
Keep this statement in mind as I lead you through this presentation.

3. The challenge before us…..

4. US Obesity Maps of Adults 1985 to 2003
Definitions:
Obesity:
having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. For a 5’ 4” woman this means 30 lbs overweight.
Body Mass Index (BMI):
a measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters.
Source: Centers for Disease Control
During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. In 1985 only a few states were participating in CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) and providing obesity data. In 1991, four states had obesity prevalence rates of percent and no states had rates at or above 20 percent.
In 2003, 15 states had prevalence rates of percent; 31 states had rates of percent; and 4 states had rates more than 25 percent.
Source: Centers for Disease Control

5. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
For example: 10-14% of adults in the dark blue
No Data <10% %–14%

6. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%

7. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%

8. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
Michigan entered the % range.
No Data <10% %–14%

9. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%

10. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%

11. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
Michigan entered the 15-19% range.
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

12. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

13. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

14. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

15. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

16. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

17. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24%

18. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
Michigan entered the 20-24% range.
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24%

19. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24%

20. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24%

21. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%

22. (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002
(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24% 25%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

23. Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% 20%-24% 25%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

24. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity
Heart Disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Cancer
High Blood Pressure
Osteoporosis
Gallbladder disease
Sleep Apnea
Source: Centers for Disease Control
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Once considered adult diseases are now showing up in children (high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes).

25. Obesity…
Is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the U.S. (Tobacco related deaths rank #1)
Source:
Leads to13 times more deaths than guns
Source:
Causes 20 times more deaths than drug use

26. The Economic Cost of Physical Inactivity in Michigan
Over 4 million Michigan adults are physically inactive.
Physical inactivity in Michigan adults cost almost $8.9 billion in 2002 or $1,175 for each Michigan adult.
If current trends continue, costs associated with physical inactivity in Michigan will increase to over billion in 2007-a 42% increase in only 5 years.
The dollars spent on Medicaid for physical inactivity could fund a school nurse in every public middle and high school.
Source: Centers for Disease Control, 2000
The Economic Cost of Physical Inactivity in Michigan, Michigan Fitness
Foundation 2003

27. How did we get here?

28. Our Current Lifestyle Portion Distortion Technology Cost Structure
Incredibly large portion sizes.
Technology pushing physical activity from our lives. We now have remote controls, drive thru access, delivery services, computers, etc.
Cost structure making high calorie and low nutrient foods cheaper than healthier foods.
Technology
Replacing
Physical Activity
Cost Structure
Cheap
High Calorie
Foods

29. Examples of Portion Distortion
Over the last 20 years watch how portion sizes have grown.

30. Bagels 1980 Bagel 2004 Bagel 6 in.-Diameter 350 calories

31. Burgers
1980
2004
333 Calories
590 Calories

32. Spaghetti 2004 1980 3 Large Meatballs 1025 Calories
3 Small Meatballs 500 Calories
3 Large Meatballs 1025 Calories

33. Soda
2004
1980
6.5 Oz 85 Calories
20 Oz 250 Calories

34. Fries
1980
2004
2.4 Oz 210 Calories
6.9 Oz 610 Calories

35. What Students Eat Snack calories are increasing
Source:
Kids who drink soft drinks consume more calories than kids who don’t drink soft drinks
Only 1 in 5 Michigan high school students ate 5 servings of fruits/veggies per day
Source:
Only 1 in 6 Michigan high school students drank 3 glasses of milk daily (females less likely than males)
Source:
We all know the rule: calories in + calories out = weight management. And we know there are other physical and mental reasons for overweight.
We don’t just eat when we’re hungry. We eat for social reasons, we eat when we’re bored, we eat to celebrate, we eat to stay awake, the list goes on and on…and,
Less nutritious foods are being selected more often than healthier choices—perhaps for a variety of reasons: availability, convenience, cost, or perishability—even in the school environment.

36. What Students Do
Nearly half of 12 to 21-year olds do not engage in vigorous physical activity on a regular basis Source:
Daily participation in physical education class dropped from 42% in 1991 to 27% in 1997
Source:
43% of adolescents watch more than 2 hours of TV each day.
Source: The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity
The “calories out” end of the equation is changing too.
We know that all screen time is increasing—TV, computer, video games—but old fashioned “play” is decreasing as well, again for a variety of reasons. It could be a safety issue, lack of facilities or equipment, lack of nearby neighbors (so no buddies to play with) or whatever. Again, in the school environment, greater emphasis on test scores has sometimes resulted in the reduction or exclusion of physical education time.
Last bullet: Read it, then say, “why is this statement so significant?” Go to the next slide.

37. Overweight, Obesity and Television
Studies show the highest rate of overweight and obesity in children who watch 4 or more hours of television a day. (2001)
Overweight and obesity rates are the lowest among children watching an hour or less a day. (2001)
60% of overweight incidents can be linked to excessive television viewing. (2003)
Source:
Keep in mind TV time is similar to any “screen time” whether it is using a computer or playing video games.

38. More Children are Overweight
(Obese = at or above 95th percentile BMI for age)
Percentage
We are all here because we are interested in working with the youth in our schools. So the data you see here over the past 30 years deals with school aged children and youth.
Think about the increase in technology in the early 1980’s, video games, computer games etc. Notice on the graph that around this time the significant increase in childhood overweight.
Optional: The Centers for Disease Control is getting away from using the term obese when referring to children. The preferred term is overweight regardless of how much they exceed their recommended body weight.
*National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2002 With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans.
*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2001) Youth Risk Behavior Survey Summary Results.
*Whitaker, R.C. et al. (1997) Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New Eng J Med, 337,
Source: Ogden C, Flegal K, Carroll M, Johnson C. “Prevalence and Trends in Overweight Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, “ Journal of the American Medical Association 2002 Vol. 288, no.14, pp

39. The Impact on Children’s Physical Health
Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease risks
Orthopedic problems
It isn’t hard to figure out there are many consequences of being overweight or obese, especially long term. For example, here are a few ways being overweight can potentially affect our physical health…
Children with these conditions need more assistance from a nurse/staff member to provide health services. This is valuable time taken away from their other responsibilities.
Source: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance Fact Sheet. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Facts and Figures (

40. The Impact on Children’s Emotional Health
Low self-esteem
Negative body image
Depression
Size discrimination
Source: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance Fact Sheet. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Facts and Figures
Not only our physical health, but our emotional health is at risk. A 2003 Journal article from the Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine (by Strauss & Pollack) says: “Few problems in childhood have as significant an impact on emotional well-being as being over-weight.”

41. Remember Healthy Students Perform Better Academically
Increased alertness and concentration.
Reduced disruptive behavior.
Critical link between movement and
attention /memory.
Improved self esteem.
Less absenteeism.
Improved mood levels.
Increase in energy levels.
The Learning Connection: The Value of Improving Nutrition and Physical Activity in Our Schools.
Source:

42. Take Action!
Healthy kids make better students. Better students make healthy communities.