1. Research Finding:
A certain level of investment in the LMC program is necessary to expect improved achievement.
What level of investment is required to make a significant difference?

2. Lance Findings in Two States
Pennsylvania (2000) 435 schools
Colorado (2000) schools

3. Comparison of 25 Top Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Staffing in Pennsylvania
Professional staff hours/week
5th grade vs % difference
8th grade vs % difference
11th grade vs % difference
Support staff hours/week
5th grade vs % difference
8th grade vs % difference
11th grade vs % difference

4. Conclusion in Pennsylvania
Support staff was the key difference between strong and weak library media programs.
That is, professionals alone cannot make a major difference because of the load of clerical and technical work.

5. Finding in Colorado Total library media staff hours/100 students
4th grade vs % difference
7th grade vs % difference

6. Conclusion for Colorado:
The total LMC staff size contributes to academic achievement.

7. Budget investment for five states
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Texas
Iowa
New Mexico

8. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Pennsylvania budget for LMC materials
5th grade $7,240 vs. $4,928
47% difference in scores
8th grade $14,506 vs. $8,386
73% difference in scores
11th grade $23,730 vs. 14,197
67% difference in scores

9. LMC Materials Expenditures per Student Selected States & Grade Levels
State/Level
Highest Scoring
Lowest Scoring
Percent Difference
CO Elem
$21.60
$14.00
54%
CO Middle
$22.33
$13.44
66%
TX Elem
$36.02
$16.52
118%
TX Middle
$30.30
$20.60
47%
TX High
$57.47
$23.92
140%
IA Elem
$16.85
$14.67
15%
IA Middle
$25.55
$21.98
16%
IA High
$23.38
$22.20 5%
NM High
$25.49
$22.08

10. Conclusion
In all states studied, higher achieving schools spend more on materials for their library media programs.

11. Materials available in the LMC in six states
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Texas
Oregon
Iowa
New Mexico

12. 25 Highest Scoring vs. 25 Lowest Scoring Schools
Pennsylvania print volumes
5th grade 10,857 vs. 8,876
22% difference in scores
8th grade 13,507 vs. 10,744
26% difference in scores
11th grade 15,474 vs. 14,499
7% difference in scores

13. Volumes Per Capita Highest & Lowest Scoring Schools in CO, TX, OR, IA & NM
School Level
Highest Scoring
Lowest Scoring
Percent Difference
Elementary 29 24
21%
Middle 28 22
27%
High 26
11%

14. Conclusion
Stronger LMCs have richer print collections and this contributes to academic achievement.
They also have stronger periodical and electronic collections