1. Sándor Egri egris@science.unideb.hu
Physics 2 - Physics
Sándor Egri

2. Halliday-Resnick: Fundamentals of physics, 10th edition
Geometrical Optics
Coulombs Law
Electric Field: Gauss Law
Electric Potential
Capacitor
DC circuits
Magnetic field
Solenoid
Induction: Faraday-law
AC circuits
Electromagnetic Waves
Interference
Halliday-Resnick: Fundamentals of physics, 10th edition
Shrek.unideb.hu/~learner/physics

3. Geometrical Optics – Images (34)
The light is an electromagnetic wave ( wave optics)
The light is propagating along the straight line ( light ray, the ray model of light)
Small angles are present (5 degrees > Θ = sin(Θ) = tan(Θ))
The propagation of the light is reversable
Microscope, telescope, optical fibre

4. Virtual Image
If the light rays have been reflected toward you from a standard flat mirror, the penguin appears to be behind the mirror because the rays you intercept come from that direction. Of course, the penguin is not back there.This type of image, which is called a virtual image, truly exists only within the brain but nevertheless is said to exist at the perceived location.

5. Real Image
A real image differs in that it can be formed on a surface, such as a card or a movie screen.
You can see a real image (otherwise movie theaters would be empty), but the existence of the image does not depend on your seeing it and it is present even if you are not.

6. Plane mirror: rules of reflection
Rays of light are reflected by the flat surface of the mirror
Law of reflection
Virtual image behind the mirror p=i

7. The law of reflection
the reflected ray lies in the plane of incidence (the plane spanned by the incident ray and the normal of the boundary at the point where the incident ray hits the boundary)
the angle of incidence, (angle between the incident ray and the normal of the boundary) and the angle of the reflected ray (angle between the reflected ray and he normal of the boundary) are equal

8. Plane mirror: Extended object

10. Spherical Mirrors 1 Concave mirror has real focus f=r/2
Convex mirror has a virtual focus f=-r/2
R is the radius of the sphere from which the mirror was cut out.
Prove this! (f=r/2)

11. Spherical Mirrors 2

12. Refraction

13. Spherical refracticng surfaces

14. Thin lenses 1
The behaviour of Bi-convex lens from glass in the air (double refraction): real focus point,

15. Thin lenses 2
Bi-concave lens : virtual focus point (f<0)

16. The 3 principal rays for contruction the image

17. The equations Calculating the focal length of a thin spherical lens
Thin lens equation
where f is the lens’s focal length, n is the index of refraction of the lens material, and r1 and r2 are the radii of curvature of the two sides of the lens, which are spherical surfaces. A convex lens surface that faces the object has a positive radius of curvature; a concave lens surface that faces the object has a negative radius of curvature. Real images form on the side of a lens that is opposite the object, and virtual
images form on the same side as the object.

18. Microscope

19. Practice