1. Cellular Reproduction

2. Cellular Division
Chromosomes- structures that contain DNA and proteins, that replicate and divide during cellular reproduction
During reproduction, chromosomes coil and twist to form an “X” shape

3. Cell Division Normally, DNA is uncoiled and CAN NOT be seen
During reproduction, DNA coils to be read, this is when it CAN BE seen

4. Chromatid Half of a chromosome
2 chromatids are held together at the centromere
Centromere is near the center of the chromosome

5. Autosomes (Non sex chromosomes)
Chromosomes that carry all other genes
22 pairs of autosomes
Homologous pairs- two sets of chromosomes that carry genes for the same trait

6. Cells Haploid cells Diploid cells Egg or sperm
Contain one set of chromosomes
Diploid cells
Contain two sets of chromosomes
All cells in humans are diploid EXCEPT sex chromosomes

7. Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction: one parent produces an identical offspring
Binary Fission: cell division of single cell organisms
Example: bacteria
Mitosis: nuclear division of a non sex cell
Example: Sweet potatoes and strawberry plants
Sexual Reproduction: two parent cells (sex cells) form one offspring
Meiosis: nuclear division of sex cell
Example: Humans and lions

8. Asexual Reproduction Regeneration: re-growth of a body part
Example: sponges, planaria, sea stars
Can be asexual reproduction ….too
Budding: a new organism grows from the body of a parent organism
Example hydra
(mitosis and cell division)

9. Budding

10. Regeneration

11. Sex Chromosomes Chromosomes that carry the sex genes
The X and Y chromosomes
Females have two X
Males have one X and one Y

12. Sex-linked Traits Females have 2 identical copies of all genes
Males do not have 2 identical copies of all genes because the Y chromosome does not carry all the genes found on the X chromosome

13. Sex-linked Traits
Therefore some sex-linked disorders occur more in males than females
Example:
Hemophilia
Color-blindness
Male pattern baldness