1. Draw a conclusion from this graph for both the red and blue line

2. Mutations

3. Any mistake or change in DNA sequence
Mutations
Any mistake or change in DNA sequence
What causes them?
Random or Environment influences – X-rays, UV rays, radioactive materials, chemicals

4. Mutations
Mutations can happen in body (somatic) cells or sex cells (gametes)

5. More about mutations Can be beneficial, harmless, or harmful
2 types: Gene & Chromosomal

6. Chromosomal mutation: affects whole or part of a chromosome
Gene mutation:
Changes to the bases in the DNA of ONE gene

7. 1. Gene Mutations Change in one or more nucleotides
Affects the amino acids and protein
2 types

8.  Point Mutation (Substitution)
Change in a single base pair in DNA
Ex:
The dog bit the CAT
The dog bit the CAR

15. Sickle Cell Anemia

16.  Frameshift Mutation Single base is added or deleted from DNA
Changes the reading frame of the mRNA (the groups of 3).

18. Frameshift Mutation
Alters every amino acid after insertion or deletion

20. Practice - Which mutations are these?1 2 4 3 6 5

21. Gene Mutations Video