1. 5.1 Evidence for evolution
Understanding:
Evolution occurs when heritable characteristics of a species change
The fossil record provides evidence for evolution
Selective breeding of domesticated animals shows that artificial selection can cause evolution
Evolution of homologous structures by adaptive radiation explains similarities in structure when there are differences in function
Populations of a species can gradually diverge into separate species by evolution
Continuous variation across the geographical range of related populations matches the concept of gradual divergence.
Nature of science:
Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies: there are common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs despite their varied use
Applications
Comparison of the pentadactyl limb of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles with different methods of locomotion
Development of melanistic insects in polluted areas

2. What is evolution?
Species changes over time Characteristics passed down through generations Evolution only concerns HERITABLE characteristics

4. Theory
A coherent group of propositions formulated to explain a group of facts or phenomena in the natural world and repeatedly confirmed through experiment or observation

6. Evidence
Many oppositions to the theory of evolution Who is proposing these oppositions? What are their arguments?
Fossils
Selective breeding
Antibiotic resistance
Vestigial organs
DNA/proteins

7. Selective breeding
Selective breeding

8. Selective breeding
Huge differences between domestic animals and the wild species they descended from:
Change after repeatedly selecting the same characteristic over and over
How would a farmer use selective breeding?

9. Big Lad

10. Fossils
Use fossil record as evidence for evolution Geological eras named using rock layers Older at bottom, younger at the top
Main evidence is fossils

11. Radioactive dating techniques used
Clear patterns to be found including ‘intermediate’ species
Many logical patterns
simple to complex
Plants before animals
video

12. What do they have in common?

13. Make a colour key and identify

14. Vertebrate limbs (Homologous structures)
The study of comparative anatomy
Structures that are similar in shape in different species
Used in many different ways - Joints moves in different ways for locomotion
Common bone structures in all vertebrate limbs

15. Homologous structures Possible explanation: common ancestor
Adaptive radiation: Same origin but have adapted for different purposes
More similar in structure = more closely related
Difficult to explain without evolution

16. Vestigial organs/structures
Structures that no longer have a function and are being gradually lost
Human appendix
Small pelvis bone and hind limbs in whales
Laryngeal nerve in a giraffe
Giraffe

17. Analogous Structures- Convergent Evolution
Example: tails may look very similar
Different structures and functions
Convergent evolution – different structure performs a similar function because they have evolved in the same environment

18. Also in this section in the book but we will look at these after natural selection.
Speciation
Patterns of variation
Industrial melanism Qs

19. Match up the key words
Variation Genes Adaptations Competition Survive Reproduce
Sections of DNA that code for certain characteristics
Characteristics animals have that make them better suited to their environment
Members of the same species have different characteristics
The ability to remain alive
The ability to produce offspring
Animals and plants try to get more food, space, light, mates or water to survive

20. Match up the key words
Variation Genes Adaptations Competition Survive Reproduce
Sections of DNA that code for certain characteristics
Characteristics animals have that make them better suited to their environment
Members of the same species have different characteristics
The ability to remain alive
The ability to produce offspring
Animals and plants try to get more food, space, light, mates or water to survive