1. UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT
LESSON 7.2: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION part 2

2. Focus Summarize the British Plan for Victory.
What happened to the British plan for victory?
What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
Who was Benedict Arnold?
Who was Marquis De Lafayette?
What role did Freidrick von Steuben play in regard to the success of American forces?

3. Treaty of Paris

4. Revolution in the South and by Sea

5. At Sea England used strong navy to keep ships out of American harbors
Blockade: prevented supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army
Privateers: privately owned merchant ships with weapons authorized by the Congress to sail and attack the enemy (over 2000 ships)
John Paul Jones

6. AP
What is a blockade?
What is a privateer?

7. Battles of the South Reasons of England
Many loyalists lived in the South
Able to used British Navy easily
Needed to change strategy
Failure in the North

8. AP

9. Battle at Moore’s Creek
Outside Wilmington, NC in 1776
British trying to get to coast and Cape Fear River
Night before, British checked area of Moore’s Creek bridge to see American troops
Only saw a few hundred, but did not realize that there were more in the woods
During the night, Patriots removed planks of bridge, leaving just the beams
As British crossed in a single file line, Americans fired from the woods and caused many British casualties and retreat

10. Britain invades the South
1778, General Henry Clinton send British troops to take Savannah and control coast of Georgia
Early 1780, Clinton and a large army attack Charles Town, SC
Charles Town surrenders in May and British took thousands of prisoners
Worst American defeat of the war
This was a severe blow to the colonies.  It was the greatest loss of manpower and equipment of the war for the Americans and gave the British nearly complete control of the Southern colonies.

11. AP
Why was the American defeat at Charles Town SC such a devastating defeat?

12. General Charles Cornwallis
Clinton leaves General Cornwallis in charge of British troops in South
General Horatio Gates sends Continental Army to face Cornwallis
Fight in Camden, SC in August 1780.
British victory, but realized he could not control the area
Battle of Camden = The Patriot scene 8

13. Guerrilla Warfare Loyalists gave very little help to England
Small force of Patriots attacked British while on the move
Appear suddenly, strike, and then disappear
Francis Marion=“Swamp Fox”
Scene from the Patriot #12

14. AP
Explain Guerrilla warfare

15. King’s Mountain
After Camden, British moved north through the Carolinas
Sept. 1780
British officer and over 1000 Loyalists defend outpost from attack of Patriot sharpshooters
British forced to retreat
New support from the Southerners
Wanted end to war which was destroying homes and farms
King’s Mt. near Blacksburg, SC

16. AP 5
Once sentence

17. Nathaniel Greene
October 1780, Greene replaced Gates as commander in the South
Decided not to have full attack of Cornwallis’s troops
Split troops into 2 groups
One group helped General Daniel Morgan win Battle at Cowpens, SC
Second group joined Francis Marion’s guerilla attacks
Greene’s men reunited to fight Cornwallis and the British at Guilford Courthouse in present day Greensboro, NC

18. Guilford Courthouse – The Patriot scene 27
British had about 1400 men
American’s had about 4000 men
¼ of British soldiers were lost in battle that lasted only 90 minutes
British fight until victory or death mentality
Greene decided to retreat with most of his troops intact
Although it was considered a victory for the British, they lost more than the Americans (pyric victory)
Guilford Courthouse proved to be the highwater mark of British military operations in the Revolutionary War. Weakened in his campaign against Greene, Cornwallis abandoned the Carolinas hoping for success in Virginia. At Yorktown, seven months after his victory at Guilford Courthouse, Lord Cornwallis would surrender to the combined American and French forces under General George Washington.
"I never saw such fighting since God made me. The Americans fought like demons" -Lt. General Charles, Earl Cornwall

19. AP
Once sentence

20. Yorktown, VA

21. Battle at Yorktown
Marquis de Lafayette and American troops had stopped British troops from moving by blocking them off on the Yorktown peninsula
Washington learned that next French naval aid was heading towards Virginia instead of New York
Secretly planned to advance on Yorktown with more troops instead of New York
Henry Clinton still believed that the Patriots would focus on New York

22. Yorktown
Secret of plan so strict, most soldiers had no idea where they were marching to
Marched 200 miles in 15 days
Washingtons troops, Lafayette’s troops, Rochambeau’s American-French army, and the new French naval fleet would all meet at Yorktown for the deciding battle of the war versus the British

23. Siege of Yorktown Clinton had no clue of the American plan
14,000 American and French troops trapped Cornwallis’ 7,500 troops with no escape possible
Rest of British army waited in New York
On Oct. 9, 1781, Patriot troops attacked the British
British supplies ran low, many soldiers sick or wounded
Cornwallis surrenders on October 19
British handed over all their weapons and marched off between rows of French and American troops

24. AP 7
Note to Buddy

25. Treaty of Paris in 1783
America Represented by Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay
Congress ratified treaty in April 1783
Officially signed September 3, 1783
Britain recognized America independent
America claimed territory from Atlantic to Mississippi, and Canada to Spanish Florida
British promised to withdraw troops
Gave Americans fishing rights off coast of Canada
British could still collect debts from Americans
Loyalists land had to be returned

26. Activity - ATSU 1. 2. 3.
ATSU

27. timeline
Create a timeline using 10 significant battles of the American Revolution. Each event must answer:
Who was involved
What happened
When did this happen
Where did this happen
Why did this happen

28. Learning Log
In your journal, summarize what you have learned about the American Revolution.
Why did the British decide to focus on fighting in the South?
What is the significance of the Battle of Moore’s Creek NC?
Why did the Continental Congress have trouble paying for the war?
How did the French help the Americans fight the British?
How did Francis Marion contribute to the war effort?
Describe the significance of the Battle of Kings Mountain.
What was General Nathaniel Greene’s strategy for fighting the British in the South?
What is the significance of Valley Forge, the Battle of Saratoga, and Yorktown?
What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Paris?