1. DO NOW Take out your notebook/ paper for notes
Take out your task packet
Take out your vocab sheet

2. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Section 14.1 pp

3. Industrially, Russia lags far behind Britain and Germany, but begins to catch up.
Working conditions harsh, many workers become influenced by Communism – idea founded by Karl Marx
What is Communism?

4. Leaders of the Marxist movements were arrested and exiled to Siberia, or out of Russia altogether.
One of these revolutionaries was a man named Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov.
His brother was executed by Tsar Alexander III for allegedly conspiring against the Tsar’s life. As a result, young Ulyanov began a long career of bringing revolution to Russia.
In exile, Ulyanov adopted the name Lenin.

5. LENIN

6. For almost a decade the Tsar continued to rule autocratically
For almost a decade the Tsar continued to rule autocratically. He repressed all dissent and arrested thousands of people who opposed his policies.
The final blow to the Russian monarchy came in 1914, when a disastrously unprepared Russia threw itself into World War One.

7. Rasputin, the “Mad Monk”

8. Rasputin was from a small Orthodox Christian sect that believed that before one could be saved, one had to sin as much as possible.
When the Tsar’s wife, Alexandra, arranged for Rasputin to move into the palace, rumors spread among the Russian people that the two were having an affair.
The Tsar had lost almost all of his authority.

9. 1917 The MARCH revolution

10. In March 1917,
hundreds of thousands of workers took to the streets and protested against food shortages and the war.
Soldiers fired at the crowds, but soon they joined the protesters.
Soldiers at the front began to desert their posts.
The last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, abdicated his throne. A provisional government was established, headed by Alexander Kerensky.
Kerensky chose to keep Russia involved in the war, a very costly mistake.

11. In the cities, workers and soldiers formed local councils called soviets. These soviets took care of people’s needs, like getting food and firewood during the chaos of the early days of the provisional government.
The soviets soon gained the trust of the people, and the provisional government was largely ignored.
Meanwhile…

12. Lenin had returned to Russia, as the head of the Bolshevik Party
Lenin had returned to Russia, as the head of the Bolshevik Party. The Bolsheviks had two main slogans they used to rally the people.
“All power to the Soviets!”
“Peace, Land and Bread!”
Why were these slogans
effective?
Soon the Bolsheviks had gained control of the Petrograd Soviet, as well as the soviets in all major Russian cities.

13. 1917 The NOVEMBER revolution

14. In November 1917, units of armed Red Guards (Bolsheviks) stormed the Winter Palace and took control of Russia. The provisional government disappeared without a struggle, and in a few days the Bolsheviks were in power.

15. Within a short time, the Bolsheviks:
Gave control of the factories to the workers.
Divided Russia’s vast farmland up among the peasants.
Signed a truce with Germany, ending Russia’s involvement in World War One.

16. Bolshevik leaders began to re-organize Russian society around a new model – Communism.
Leon Trotsky
Josef Stalin

17. THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR

18. Of course, not everyone agreed with the Bolsheviks
Of course, not everyone agreed with the Bolsheviks. Old Tsarist military leaders and people who had some money hated the policies of these new revolutionaries. They formed armies, known as the White Armies to fight the Bolsheviks (the Red Armies).
Some other nations, including the United States, Japan, France and Britain also sent troops to fight against the Red Armies.

19. Some Russians wanted the Tsar restored to power, so the Bolsheviks murdered the entire royal family. Rumors would be heard years later that one of the daughters managed to escape to Paris.
This is where the Anastasia story comes from.
It’s not true.

20. In three years, fighting, starvation and disease had killed some fourteen million people in Russia. In the end, the Red Army – formed and led by Leon Trotsky – were victorious.
The Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party, and the Soviet Union was born.

21. From 1920 until his death in 1924, Lenin worked to establish a new Russia. He granted a temporary free-market economy to stimulate agriculture, and farming increased greatly. He also brought electricity to the villages.
The rest of the world refused to accept the Soviet Union as a legitimate country. By the time of the next Soviet ruler (Josef Stalin), the USSR was completely cut off from the world and would have to go it alone.
To be continued…

22. Causes and Effects of 2 Russian Revolutions 1917
Causes - Tsarist Russia
Effects/Causes – March Revolution
Effects – Bolshevik Revolution
Tsar’s leadership was weak
Tsar abdicates
Provisional government is overthrown
Revolutionary agitation challenges the government
Provisional government takes over
Lenin and Soviets gain power
Bolsheviks take over
Widespread discontent found among all classes
Russia stays in World War One
Bolsheviks sign peace treaty with Germany and leave World War One
Civil War begins in Russia