1. CAMBODIA BCB/ESS Kingdom of Cambodia Student Number: 3650724
BDC332 practical
Faculty OF NATURAL SCIENCE
13 November 2018
Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page.
BCB/ESS
Kingdom of Cambodia

2. Location map of Cambodia:
Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.
Figure 1: A location map showing the cities found within Cambodia, its capital city (Phnom Penh), and the neighbouring countries.

3. Biodiversity description and threats:
Cambodia is home to many mammal species that used to roam around widely throughout the forests of Southeast Asia in the past. The Lower Mekong Dry Forests Ecoregion holds globally holds a large amount of several different wild cattle and deer species.
Certain species such as the Indochinese tiger and the Asian elephant Asian (which were known as iconic species).
About less than 16 globally endangered and 2 critically endangered mammal species is still found within the country of Cambodia.
According to Chea Serey, it is very easy for Cambodia to adopt to the latest technology unlike most developed countries. This is a result of the lack of required infrastructure.
Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

4. Current Protected Areas of Cambodia:
Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.
Figure 2: A map showing all the current protected areas found within the country of Cambodia

5. 10 chosen Conservation Targets of Cambodia:
7 TERRESTRIAL ECOREGIONS:
These figures (Maps) represent four of the seven terrestrial ecoregions found within Cambodia.
Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests
Southern Annamites Montane Rain Forests
Tonle Sap Mekong Peat Swamp Forests
Tonle Sap Freshwater Swamp Forests
Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data ( ).
The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

6. These figure maps represents the other three ecoregions of the seven found within Cambodia
5. Southeastern Indochina Dry Evergreen Forest
6. Central Indochina Dry Forests
7. Indochina_Mangroves

7. 3 TYPES OF SPECIES:
These three figures show the distribution of three different species types found in Cambodia that could be a concern for conservation planning within the country.
The 7 terrestrial ecoregions together with the three species distributions were chosen as Cambodia's conservation targets.

8. CONSERVATION PLANNING UNITS:
Considers and focuses on the ecological features of the country (such as catchments).
ECOLOGICAL-BASED PLANNING UNIT:
Firstly, the watershed was prepared by inserting the KHM_alt file into idrisi. The threshold was set and the country shape was cut out using Adim0 file. This file was then converted from a vector to a shape file.
The watershed, terrestrial ecoregions and the admin0 files were added as layers in ArcView. Geoprocessing needed to be added to the extensions. Once the geoprocessing wizard was opened you need to select “intersect two files’. These files being the watershed and the terrestrial ecoregions. Once these steps were followed, the Ecological planning unit will appear.
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

9. SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING UNIT:
Divides the country into equal hexagons, which will be used to locate and manage the protected areas
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.
In ArcView, the admin0 file was added as a layer. The hexagon option was selected and the option “with respect to selected features in a theme’. Use admin0 and select “use all records”.
The start area was set to before the systematic planning unit appeared on the program.

10. CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas
The figure shows the tenure file which includes the protected areas as well as the roads and rails in the country.
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

11. Run MARXAN analysis, calibrate the parameters.
Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan:
Firstly, Identify the goals and objectives.
Identify features and map the best available data that was found
Keep count of the amount of each feature found within the allocated planning unit
Divide the area into planning units (systematic planning unit)
Run MARXAN analysis, calibrate the parameters.
Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption.
Set the appropriate targets for each of the selected features

12. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
MARXAN inputs and outputs:
Planning unit layer: Hexagon of the country
Add raster group to your conservation target
Select target percentage
Set Penalty factor (Species penalty factor): 10
Auto fill spec.type
Enable planning unit layer (tenure + transformed layer)
Boundary length file enabled
Output prefix is MARXAN conservation %
Click continue
MARXAN parameters:
Set boundary length modifier: 2
Set repeat runs: 100
Species missing if proportion of target is lower than: 0.95
Run mode: Apply simulated annealing followed by iterative improvement
Annealing controls
Number of iterations:
Temperature decreases: 1000
Iterative improvement type: normal iterative improvement
Cost threshold
Threshold enabled
Threshold: 1600
Penalty factor A: 9
Penalty factor B: 2
Starting proportion is 0
RUN MARXAN
In summarized point form describe the parameter options you should select for the final RUN of the MARXAN analysis. You may use dialogue boxes to explain this section. (You do not need to run MARXAN as it would take too long to do the runs).

13. These are expected results when running a MARXAN analysis.
Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
The figure shows the systematic planning unit of Spain after undergoing Marxan analyisis.
Explain using Diagrams the results you would expect to obtain from MARXAN. They do not need to be the actual results rather the form of the MARXAN outputs you would expect. You may use more than one slide to prepare this section.
These are expected results when running a MARXAN analysis.

14. Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements
References
Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.