2. Cellular Growth (9.1) State Standard
2E. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations.

3. Why Do Cells Need to Divide? Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Why Do Cells Need to Divide?
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

4. Why Do Cells Need to Divide? – Cont’d
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Why Do Cells Need to Divide? – Cont’d
As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area.
If a cell gets too large…
The cell might have difficulty getting enough nutrients in and getting enough waste out.
The cell might have difficulty communicating instructions across long distances within a large cell.

5. Cell division prevents the cell from becoming too large.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle
Cell division prevents the cell from becoming too large.
It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow, heal certain injuries, & replace worn out cells.
Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle.

6. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle – Cont’d
Interphase is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates.
Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
Cytokinesis is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.

7. The first stage of interphase, G1
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage G1
The first stage of interphase, G1
The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.

8. The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage S
The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.

9. The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage G2
The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

10. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth & Regulation
Normal Cell Cycle
Different proteins including cyclins time and control the life & activities of the cell.
The cell cycle has built-in checkpoints that monitor the cycle and can stop it if something goes wrong.

11. Abnormal Cell Cycle: Cancer
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth & Regulation
Abnormal Cell Cycle: Cancer
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.
Cancer cells can kill an organism by crowding out normal
cells, resulting in the loss of tissue function.

13. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Causes of Cancer
The changes that occur in the regulation of cell growth and division of cancer cells are due to mutations.
Various environmental factors can affect the occurrence of cancer cells.

14. Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?
cytokinesis
interphase
apoptosis
mitosis A B C D
CDQ 3

15. Which can more efficiently supply nutrients and expel waste products?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative Questions
Which can more efficiently supply nutrients and
expel waste products?
larger cells
smaller cells
cells with lower surface area to volume ratio
cells shaped like a cube A B C D
FQ 1

16. At what stage does a cell spend most of its life?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative Questions
At what stage does a cell spend most of
its life?
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
synthesis A B C D
FQ 2

17. What happens in the cell during cytokinesis?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative Questions
What happens in the cell during cytokinesis?
The cell grows and carries out normal functions.
The cell copies its DNA and forms chromosomes.
The cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
The cell’s cytoplasm divides. A B C D
FQ 3

18. In what stage of the cell cycle does the
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.2 Formative Questions
In what stage of the cell cycle does the
cell’s replicated genetic material separate?
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
prophase A B C D
FQ 4

19. Which of these cancer-causing substances or
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Formative Questions
Which of these cancer-causing substances or
agents is impossible to avoid completely?
chemicals such as asbestos
food and drinks that the FDA warns may contain carcinogens
tobacco and second-hand smoke
ultraviolet radiation from the Sun A B C D
FQ 8

20. What is the role of cyclins in a cell?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Assessment Questions
What is the role of cyclins in a cell?
to control the movement of microtubules
to signal for the cell to divide
to stimulate the breakdown of the nuclear membrane
to cause the nucleolus to disappear A B C D
CAQ 3

21. C B A Which cell has the lowest ratio of surface area to volume?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test Practice
Which cell has the lowest ratio of surface area
to volume? A B C A B C
STP 1

22. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test Practice
At what stage of interphase does the cell take inventory and make sure it is ready for the division of its nucleus? G1 S G2 M A B C D
STP 2

23. Which occurs in plant cells but not animal cells
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test Practice
Which occurs in plant cells but not animal cells
during the cell cycle?
formation of a cell plate
formation of microtubules
formation of a cleavage furrow at the equator of the cell
movement of chromosomes to the poles of the cell A B C D
STP 3

24. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test Practice
Multiple changes in DNA are required to change an abnormal cell into a cancer cell.
true
false A B
STP 4

25. Which is not a condition that can result in cancer?
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test Practice
Which is not a condition that can result in cancer?
a failure in the control mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle
a failure in the repair systems that fix changes or damage to DNA
a failure of the spindle fibers to move chromosomes during mitosis
mutations or changes in segments of DNA that control protein production A B C D
STP 5

26. Visualizing the Cell Cycle
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Animation
Visualizing the Cell Cycle

27. Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction