1. The role of B cells and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Sumapa Chaiamnuay, S. Louis Bridges 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages (October 2005)
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement. One of ∼30 functional DH gene segments is rearranged to one of six JH gene segments. Subsequently, one of ∼50 functional VH gene segments is rearranged to the DH–JH join to form a VH–DH–JH rearrangement. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase can insert non-template (N) regions into the DH–JH and VH–DH joins. The primary RNA transcript is processed to juxtapose the constant region to the VH–DH–JH rearrangement. In its final protein form (bottom) there are three framework regions and three CDRs. CDR3 lies at the center of the antigen binding site, is composed of the VH–DH–JH join and intervening N nucleotides. Kappa and lambda light chain rearrangements occur in a similar fashion, but there are no D genes in the light chain loci. Adapted from [164].
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Citrullination (deimination) of peptidylarginine by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD). The guanidino group of arginine is hydrolyzed, yielding a ureido group and ammonia and changing a charged amino acid residue to a neutral one. The guanidino group of arginine is hydrolyzed, yielding a ureido group and ammonia and changing a charged amino acid residue to a neutral one. Adapted from Vossenaar et al. [149].
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions