1. Get a sheet of paper & something to write with.
Monday, February 8, 2016

2. LEQs
Why is knowledge of mathematics essential for the health care worker?
What is Military Time and why do we use it in health care?
What mathematical skills are used most frequently in health care?
What is the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit?

3. Reading a 24-hour clock Example - what is 17.42 in the 12 hour clock?
Start by taking 12 from the hours: = 5.
So is the same as 5.42 pm, which is 42 minutes past 5 in the evening.

4. It’s useful to know this time as ‘so many minutes’ to 6 as well, so how do we work out the minutes before 6?
Take the minutes away from 60, as there are 60 minutes in 1 hour:        = 18
So it’s 18 minutes to 6 in the evening.

5. Look at the opening hours for this shop.
What time does it close during the week? What about Saturday and Sunday?
Monday to Friday it closes at which is 6.00 pm.
On Saturday it’s which is 5.30 pm.
On Sunday it closes at which is 4.30 pm.

6. What about converting a time into the 24 hour system?
For example what is 3.36 pm in the 24 hour clock?
If the time is pm, add 12 onto the hours (the number in front of the point):        = 15
So 3.36 pm will be in the 24 hour clock.

7. 24-hour clock worksheet Put your first & last name on the top
Get 3 different colored pencils
At the top of your paper, make a key for your colors
Hour hand
Minute hand
Second hand

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20. Challenge
Set the time on your phone to Military Time / 24-hour clock for the next week.

21. Medical Math Conversion Chart
Punch holes and put it in your notebook

22. Medical math
Copy these notes

23. Apothecary system – based on 12-ounce pound
Officially replaced by metric system
Standard unit of measure for weight (solid substances) is the grain (gr)
Liquid volumes (fluids) are measured by minim
Rarely used today

24. Common household system
Less accurate
Primarily used by patients who take medication at home
Practitioner’s responsibility to assure consumer is taking correct dose
Necessary for practitioner to know equivalents from “pharmacy language” to every day common household terms

25. Conversions Standard teaspoon established to contain approx. 5 ml
60 gtt (gtt = drops) = 1 teaspoonful
3 teaspoonsful = 1 tablespoon
1 teaspoonful = approx. 5 Gm or g (gram)
1 teaspoonful = approx. 60 gr (gr = grain; not to be confused w/ g = gram)

26. Metric System Most commonly used system of measurement (globally)
Easy to use since based on parts & multiples of 10
Official system of measure for pharmacy practice
Advantages: simple, brief, adaptable, universal

27. Metric Measures Length = meter (m) Volume = liter (L)
Mass / weight = gram (g)

28. Metric cont
Pharmacies are mainly concerned w/ weights and volumes of drugs
May encounter physician’s orders or prescription requiring conversion
Within the same system
From one system to another
Some physicians may not be aware of various existing system and may write orders that appear to jumble quantities

29. Liquid drug preparations
Creams & ointments are expressed as percentage concentrations
A certain quantity of the drug is contained in the final quantity of the product
1% hydrocortisone cream contains 1 g of hydrocortisone in 100 g of final product (actual drug plus cream)
5 % sodium chloride solution contains 5 g sodium chloride in 100 ml final product (NaCl and distilled water)
1 gram in 100 grams or 1/100 = 0.01 or 1%
5 grams in 100 milliliters equal to 5/100 or 0.05 or 5%

34. Time to practice on your own
Basic Medical Conversion Formulas worksheet
Answer on your own
Do on you own paper
Make sure to include the proper unit of measurement (abbreviations are OK) for your answer