1. Natalie K. Hartley & Megan L. Johnston
Discussion:
Found similar rates as Chapel et al. (2004) & in the k-12 education system
LU Bullying Stats: Overall
Witness: 63.3%
Victim: 27.1%
Chapell et al. (2004)
Witness: 60.9%
Victim: 24.6%
NCES (2013)
Victim: 27.6%
The Effects of Variations in Tattoo Types on Personality Characteristics
Natalie K. Hartley & Megan L. Johnston
Longwood University
Abstract
Sexual desires may arise spontaneously and require the exercise of self-control, or self-regulation. But using self-control in one situation can limit the availability of this resource for use in later situations.
The present study examined whether the need for self-regulation when working with an attractive female would inhibit persistence at a subsequent task.
Male college students interacted with a modestly or revealingly dressed female confederate. After a 15 minute conversation, the participant was given a puzzle tracing task, including two unsolvable puzzles.
The amount of time spent working on the puzzles was used as a measure of self-regulatory depletion. Participants in the provocative clothing condition spent significantly less time on the puzzle task.
The confederate was also rated as less competent and less friendly in the provocative dress condition.
Introduction
Tattoos are protected under the first amendment as freedom of speech
Burgess & Clark (2010)
Those with “traditional” tattoos were rated as less suitable for job employment when compared with those with no tattoos
Those with “contemporary” tattoos were judged the same for employment as those with no tattoos
Evidence for variations in tattoos producing different perceptions of a person
Naumann, Vazire, Rentfrow, & Gosling(2009)
Evidence for personality is shown through “static” and “expressive” appearance in photos
Participants used given photos to accurately speculate some personality traits
Key Terms
Agreeableness: reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others. High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to 'tell it like it is'.
Conscientiousness: is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking. High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be messy and cheat others.
Openness: is the personality trait of seeking new experience and intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very down to earth.
Results
Report Bullying
Would you report bullying if you saw it?
Yes: n=134 (62.6%)
No: n = 80 (37.4%)
Table 2
Should colleges and universities have policies against bullying?
M = 5.97 (n=217)
Median = 7.00
Mode = 7.00
Discussion
Predicted that tattoos would lead participants to rate individual’s personality characteristics differently based on the consent of the tattoo or the absence of a tattoo and presence of a cast.
Understanding the meaning behind the content of the tattoos may help us learn how people actually feel about variations of tattoos. It was assumed that participants recognized what the tattoos represented.
The manipulation check was frequently misinterpreted. Many thinking they were being asked how likely an individual would be to have a tattoo instead of identifying if they had one.
Based on past research it has been found that different tattoo types cause different interpretations of personal characteristics from pictures.
Possible future research could make the method and procedure a little simpler, exposing participants to a generic tattoo instead of a specific type. Research could be conducted to see if tattoos in general would affect perceptions or other body art such as piercing.
Reference list available from author upon request.
Research Questions
Does the type of tattoo a person possess affect the judgment one has of that individual’s agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness?
Method
Participants
166 undergraduate students (Female = 134,
Male = 32)
Participants' year in school (Freshmen = 103,
Sophomores = 36, Juniors = 18, Seniors = 9)
Procedure
Participants were asked to log onto their active Facebook account. If they did not have one they were logged on using a different account. They were then prompted to type in the URL provided into their browser, this then took them to the Facebook page.
Participants were given two minutes to browse the Facebook page; it was encourage to look through all photographs and the timeline of the individual.
After two minutes of browsing was completed participants were asked to turn off their computer monitor and complete the questionnaire placed in front of them.
They were instructed to completely the questionnaire honestly. Once all participants completed the questionnaire they were free to leave.
Agreeableness, consciousness, and openness were measured using a questionnaire created from the Big 5 Personality Measure.
Example Questions
On a scale of 1-5 where 1=disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree mark the statements agreeability accordingly.
“Have excellent ideas”
“Are not really interested in others”
Averages were taken of questions that pertained to each personality trait.
Figure 1. Tattoo conditions; religious, gang, control
To whom would you report bullying to?
To whom n
Faculty 56
Unspecified 39
Police 37
RA / REC 29
Dean 6
Counseling Center