1. Observations Inferences

2. Inference vs. Observation
A. The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence.
B. Very similar to an assumption.
1. Ex: The sun will come up tomorrow
2. Ex: If you put your hand in boiling water it
will burn.

3. Observation
A. The act of noting and recording something
B. For something to be observed, some type of instrument must be used
1. Ears, Eyes, Thermometer
2. Observations are recorded as data
Types of data
A. Qualitative
1. 'Soft' data that approximates but does not
measure the attributes, characteristics, etc., of
a thing or phenomenon.

4. 2. Qualitative data describes whereas
quantitative data defines.
3. Ex: Color, general shape, how you feel
B. Quantitative data
1. Measurable data that can be statistically
manipulated
2. Measures quantities or “how much”
3. Ex: 6 inches, 560 nm, IQ=120
a. If it exists there is probably an instrument
to measure it.