1. Hepatic Immune Regulation and Its Involvement in Viral Hepatitis Infection 
Percy A. Knolle, Robert Thimme 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 146, Issue 5, Pages (May 2014)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Schematic view of the microarchitecture of the hepatic sinusoid. Hepatocytes are separated from blood passing through the sinusoids by stellate cells, LSECs, and Kupffer cells.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Generation of iMATEs facilitates local CD8+ T-cell expansion in the liver and thereby contributes to control of viral infection.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
CD8+ T cells primed locally in the liver by LSECs under noninflammatory conditions are not deleted but undergo a unique differentiation program. Such liver-primed T cells have memory-like function and relocate to secondary lymphoid tissues such as conventional central memory T cells. During infectious inflammation, liver-primed T cells provide protection against bacterial and viral infection, thus complementing conventional memory T-cell formation that occurs during inflammation.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Cross-presentation of viral antigen derived from virus-infected hepatocytes by LSECs leads to local activation of CD8+ T cells in hepatic sinusoids. TNF released from these CD8+ T cells activated by cross-presentation elicits death of virus-infected hepatocytes as a consequence of proapoptotic TNF receptor signaling that occurs selectively in virus-infected but not healthy hepatocytes. This TNF-mediated noncanonical CD8+ T-cell effector mechanism accounts for 50% of total antiviral T-cell activity in viral hepatitis.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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6. Figure 5
Different mechanisms and cell types have inhibitory or regulatory effects on HBV- and HCV-specific CD8+ T cells such as NK cells, immunoregulatory cytokines, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs. CD8+ T cells may also become exhausted, characterized by the expression of inhibitory receptors, and finally be deleted. Virus-specific CD8+ T cells perform their effector functions by cytolytic-mediated (granzyme and perforin) or noncytolytic-mediated (IFN-γ or TNF-α) effector functions.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions