1. Atrioventricular Septum Pseudoaneurysm As Late Complication After Repeated Mitral Valve Replacement 
Pilar Agudo-Quilez, MD, PhD, Eduardo Pozo, MD, PhD, Amparo Benedicto, MD, Guillermo Reyes, MD, PhD, María José Olivera, MD, Paloma Caballero, MD, PhD, Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero, MD, Fernando Alfonso, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 103, Issue 1, Pages e55-e56 (January 2017)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) Transesophageal echocardiogram finding of a pulsatile mass proximal to mitral annulus, protruding into the right atrium. (B and C) Contrast-enhanced electrocardiograph-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT): (B) short-axis view and (C) four-chamber view. Pseudoaneurysm originates from the posterior septal portion of the mitral annulus, protruding into the right atrium without any affection of aortic annulus and communicating with the left ventricle through a partially calcified neck. (D) Positron emission tomography–CT without images of an active inflammatory or infectious process on any metal or native valves, nor on the pacemaker device. (E) Right atriotomy and exposure of the pseudoaneurysmal sac communicating with the left ventricle cavity through an orifice through which the mitral prosthesis is visible and marked with an arrow. (F) Closure with a double patch of pericardium and Dacron sutured to left ventricle and right atrium. (Ao = aorta; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; MP = mitral prosthesis; P = pseudoaneurysm; PML = pacemaker lead; RA = right atrium; RV = right ventricle.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , e55-e56DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions