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Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005

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1 Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005
Eclipses Edward M. Murphy Space Science for Teachers 2005 4/13/2019 Eclipses

2 Eclipses Although the Sun is about 400 times larger than the Moon, it is also about 400 times further away. Both appear to be about ½ degree across. As a result of this coincidence, the Moon can completely cover the Sun, producing a total solar eclipse. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

3 Eclipses The shadow of any body consists of two parts:
The umbra is where the Sun is completely blocked from view. The penumbra is where the Sun is only partially blocked. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

4 Shadows and Eclipses 4/13/2019 Eclipses

5 Total Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

6 Solar Eclipse Under the most favorable conditions, the diameter of the shadow cone is 269 km at the Earth’s surface. At the equator, the shadow moves at 1730 km/hr. Totality can last as long as 7½ minutes. A total solar eclipse occurs about once every 18 months somewhere in the world. At any given location, a total solar eclipse occurs once every 360 years. The next total solar eclipse in the U.S. is on Aug 4/13/2019 Eclipses

7 4/13/2019 Eclipses

8 Total Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

9 Diamond Ring Effect 4/13/2019 Eclipses

10 Bailey’s Beads 4/13/2019 Eclipses

11 Solar Corona During Eclipse
4/13/2019 Eclipses

12 Total Solar Eclipse As the Moon orbits the Earth, its apparent size varies. Only when the Moon is closest to the Earth can it completely block the Sun. If the Moon does not completely cover the Sun we get an annular eclipse. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

13 Perigee Apogee 4/13/2019 Eclipses

14 4/13/2019 Eclipses

15 Annular Solar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

16 4/13/2019 Eclipses

17 4/13/2019 Eclipses

18 A series of eight GOES satellite images captures the Moon's shadow as it sweeps across the Pacific and down across Mexicp and Central America before leaving the Earth in Brazil. Total Solar Eclipse of 1991 July 11 NASA - GOES images courtesy of MrEclipse.com 4/13/2019 Eclipses

19 Frequency of Solar Eclipses
We do not get solar eclipses at every new moon because the orbit of the Moon is tilted by about 5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. At most new moons the Moon is either above or below the Sun. The tilted orbit of the Moon crosses the ecliptic at two points. When the Sun approaches these points, eclipses are possible. This will happen twice a year. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

20 4/13/2019 Eclipses

21 4/13/2019 Eclipses

22 4/13/2019 Eclipses

23 Lunar Eclipses A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth. The lunar eclipse is visible to everyone on the night side of the Earth. Aristotle ( B.C.) used the apparent shape of the Earth’s shadow to show that the Earth is a sphere. 4/13/2019 Eclipses

24 Lunar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

25 Lunar Eclipse 4/13/2019 Eclipses

26 Lunar Eclipse Showing Earth’s Shadow
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27 4/13/2019 Eclipses

28 4/13/2019 Eclipses

29 4/13/2019 Eclipses

30 NASA Eclipse Page The best web page on eclipses is:
4/13/2019 Eclipses

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