1. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds

2. METALS Noble gases Alkaline earth metals Chalcogens Alkali metals
Noble gases
Alkaline earth metals
Chalcogens
Alkali metals
Halogens
NONMETALS
SEMIMETALS
METALS

3. Oxidation state (oxidation number) Valence
Electronegativity
Oxidation state (oxidation number)
Valence
Ionic charge - "real electric charge"
cations: Na+ Ca2+ Al anions: Cl- SO42-

4. Chemical formulas 1) Empirical formula 2) Molecular formula
Chemical formulas
Types of formulas: (according to the information they contain)
1) Empirical formula
2) Molecular formula
3) "Condensed" formula
4) Structural formula
5) Structural formula showing unshared electrons

5. - real number of atoms in the molecule - e.g. H2SO4 Al2O3 C6H12O6
1) EMPIRICAL
- relative number of each type of atom (ratio of the elements)
- e.g. H2SO Al2O3 CH2O
2) MOLECULAR
- real number of atoms in the molecule
- e.g. H2SO Al2O3 C6H12O6
3) "CONDENSED" (functional groups)
- characteristic groups of atoms (=functional groups)
- e.g. Mg(OH)2 (NH4)2SO4 K4[Fe(CN)6]

6. 5) STRUCTURAL with unshared electrons
- types and arrangement of bonds between atoms
5) STRUCTURAL with unshared electrons
- shows also unshared (non-bonding) electron pairs

7. Latin nomenclature (INN)
Latin nomenclature (INN)
INN = International Nonproprietary Names
- intended to be used worldwide for the identification of a given
pharmaceutical substance
- free of any protection of rights of ownership
- recommendations come from World Health Organization (WHO)

8. "Drug names" ... - statinum  drug for lowering cholesterol
"Drug names"
TRADE NAME - registered to the pharmaceutical company
- protection of rights of ownership
CHEMICAL NAME - long, difficult
GENERIC NAME (INN) – "free"
e.g. simvastatinum
- trade names in the Czech republic: Zocor, Simgal, Simvor, Vasilip,
Simvastatin AL, APO-Simva, ...
... - statinum  drug for lowering cholesterol

9. Symbols of chemical elements
Symbols of chemical elements
- derived from LATIN name
K Kalium
N Nitrogenium Na Natrium
B Borum Br Bromum
Ag Argentum Ar Argonum As Arsenum
English name > symbol ?
lead L Le
Plumbum Pb

10. Linguistics (morphology)
Linguistics (morphology)
PREFIX STEM of the word SUFFIX
(ending)
hypo - chlor - ate

11. Elements with different names in English and in Latin !!!
Elements with different names in English and in Latin !!!
Sb antimony Stibium
Cu copper Cuprum
Au gold Aurum
Fe iron Ferrum
Pb lead Plumbum
Hg mercury Hydrargyrum
Ni nickel Niccolum
K potassium Kalium
Si silicon Silicium
Ag silver Argentum
Na sodium Natrium
Sn tin Stannum
W tungsten Wolframium

12. Numerical prefixes 1 mono 11 undeca 2 di 12 dodeca 3 tri 13 trideca
Numerical prefixes
mono undeca
2 di dodeca
3 tri trideca
4 tetra
5 penta eicosa
6 hexa hecta
7 hepta
8 octa 1/2 hemi
9 nona /2 sesqui
10 deca

13. Oxides CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide SO2 sulfur dioxide
Oxides
1) Oxides of NONMETALS numerical prefixes
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SO3 sulfur trioxide
As2O3 diarsenic trioxide
As2O5 diarsenic pentoxide

14. Oxides Only one oxid. state: CaO calcium oxide Al2O3 aluminum oxide
Oxides
1) Oxides of METALS
Only one oxid. state: CaO calcium oxide
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
More oxid. states: FeO iron (II) oxide
Fe2O3 iron (III) oxide

15. Peroxides H2O2 hydrogen peroxide Na2O2 sodium peroxide
Peroxides
element + PEROXIDE
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
BaO2 barium peroxide

16. ( if element forms more hydroxides – specify it ! )
Hydroxides
element HYDROXIDE
( if element forms more hydroxides – specify it ! )
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 iron (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron (III) hydroxide

17. Acids 1. Acids not containing oxygen ("binary acids")
Acids
1. Acids not containing oxygen ("binary acids")
HYDRO.... -IC ACID or HYDROGEN IDE
HF hydrofluoric acid
HCl hydrochloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
HI hydroiodic acid
H2S hydrogen sulfide
HCN hydrogen cyanide

18. How many oxyacids can the element form ?
2. Oxyacids
How many oxyacids can the element form ?
a) only one IC ACID
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H3BO3 boric acid
H2SiO3 silicic acid

19. a) two H2SO3 sulfurous acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO2 nitrous acid
a) two
Lower oxidation n OUS ACID
Higher oxidation n IC ACID
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
HNO3 nitric acid
H3PO3 phosphorous acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid

20. a) more than two the halogens Cl, Br, I HClO hypochlorous acid
a) more than two the halogens Cl, Br, I
HClO hypochlorous acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
Traditional:
H2MnO4 manganic acid
HMnO4 permanganic acid

21. Salts 1. Salts of binary acids (acids not containing oxygen)
Salts
1. Salts of binary acids (acids not containing oxygen)
cation ……- IDE
more oxidation states of cation: specify it ! e.g. iron (II)
NaCl sodium chloride
AgI silver iodide
KCN potassium cyanide
ZnS zinc sulfide

22. Common elements with two oxidation states in cations
Common elements with two oxidation states in cations
FeII iron (II) ferrous FeIII iron (III) ferric
CuI copper (I) cuprous CuII copper (II) cupric
HgI mercury (I) mercurous HgII mercury (II) mercuric
AuI gold (I) AuIII gold (III)
SnII tin (II) stannous SnIV tin (IV) stannic
TlI thallium (I) TlIII thallium (III)
PbII lead (II) plumbous PbIV lead (IV) plumbic

23. Salts of elements with more oxidation states
Salts of elements with more oxidation states
FeCl2 iron (II) chloride
FeCl3 iron (III) chloride
CuI copper (I) iodide
CuI2 copper (II) iodide
Hg2Cl2 mercury (I) chloride
HgCl2 mercury (II) chloride

24. cation + … -ATE ( acid -ic ) … - ITE ( acid -ous )
2. Salts of oxyacids
cation … -ATE ( acid -ic )
… - ITE ( acid -ous )
according to acid also: HYPO PER-
Na2CO3 sodium carbonate
K2SO3 potassium sulfite
NaClO sodium hypochlorite
FeSO4 iron (II) sulfate
NH4BrO2 Ammonium bromite

25. Hydrogensalts HYDROGEN (numerical prefix if needed)
Hydrogensalts
HYDROGEN
(numerical prefix if needed)
NaHS sodium hydrogen sulfide
NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate
KHSO3 potassium hydrogen sulfite
Na3PO4 sodium phosphate
Na2HPO4 sodium hydrogen phosphate
NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate

26. (salts containing more than one cation or anion)
Double salts
(salts containing more than one cation or anion)
AlK(SO4)2 Aluminum potassium sulfate
CaMg(CO3)2 Calcium magnesium carbonate
ZnBrF Zinc bromide fluoride
Cu3(CO3)2F2 Copper (II) carbonate fluoride

27. Names of basic salts Mg(OH)Cl Magnesium chloride hydroxide
Names of basic salts
Mg(OH)Cl Magnesium chloride hydroxide
Cd(OH)I Cadmium iodide hydroxide
Al(OH)CO3 Aluminum carbonate hydroxide

28. Names of hydrates ….. HYDRATE numerical prefix
Names of hydrates
….. HYDRATE
numerical prefix
CuSO4 . 5 H2O copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
MgCl2 . 6 H2O magnesium chloride hexahydrate
CaSO4 . 1/2 H2O calcium sulfate hemihydrate
anhydrous: (Only if you want to point out this.)
Na2CO3 sodium carbonate anhydrous

29. Names of polyacids and their salts
Names of polyacids and their salts
(Number of central atoms is expressed by numerical prefix)
H2B4O7 tetraboric acid
Na2B4O7 sodium tetraborate
H2Cr2O7 dichromic acid
K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate

30. "Functional replacement" derivatives of oxyacids
"Functional replacement" derivatives of oxyacids
Peroxyacids
-O-H group replaced by -O-O-H
(HOO)NO2 peroxynitric acid
(HOO)2CO diperoxycarbonic acid
Thioacids
oxygen is replaced by sulfur ( -O-H replaced by -S-H )
=O replaced by =S
H2S2O3 thiosulfuric acid
H2CS trithiocarbonic acid