1. Environmental friendly farming in Moldova - fertilising in – spring 2018 – example corn
Struck, Ph.D. & Mr. Covali; Competitiveness Advisors; ENPARD TA project at the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development & Environment
Introduce myself & Pavel; Competitiveness advisors at the ENPARD TA project to MAFI; Martin German, combing first hand practical experiences with advise services, since 1992 periodically in MD

2. Maintaining and increasing the soil fertility requires a holistic approach over a long period of time ! ! !
The objective of this presentation is to remind good agricultural practices, as the “law of the minimum”
For all - including organic - farming businesses, balanced fertilizing is a must according to the demand of the target yield! The balance is the nutrients sum
+ residues of the pre-successor,
+ organic fertiliser
+ mineral fertiliser
Record keeping is essential! Now for GlobalG.A.P & product traceability . . .
I might be the advocate of devil in Moldova; all things important in organic farming are also essential for all others - balancing & record keeping -

3. Crop yields & soluble nutrient demands
Black soils contain a lot of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, & Cilium; but a very little is available for crops !
The crop availability of the nutrients “N”; “P2O5 “ & “K2O” depends on the
humus cycle,
whether other chemical minerals are going into a solution, &
water (unbound free water up to 152 l / m3)
Humus consists of two forms “Nutrient Humus” & “Permanent Humus”
1 m3 black soil

4. Yields & nutrient demands
We will focus on corn Corn likes Mg

5. Corn Target yield 8,94 ton / ha
Nutrient demand in kg / ha active matter
"N“ "P2O5“ "K2O"
kg / ha nutrients
We will focus on corn Corn likes Mg

6. Corn fertilising Course of nutrient uptake
Intensive N uptake before and during flowering and during the maturation of the corn
P and Mg uptakes take place continuously throughout the growth
The potash intake is largely complete for flowering
Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer (for example manure) is very well possible
We will focus on corn Corn likes Mg

7. Corn seeding
Seed requirement per hectare depending on the desired number of plants / m²; e. g. target crops / ha; germination 90 % = seeds / ha
Low P-mobility in soil; often cold growth phases in spring, under-foot fertilisation promotes youth development & leads to yield-increase of 15% to 20%
We will focus on corn Corn likes Mg

8. Corn fertilising for 8,9 ton / ha
Demand of mineral fertilise kg / ha active matter N 93
kg / ha active matter
P2O5 83
K2O
112
We will focus on corn Corn likes Mg

9. Corn fertilising – macro

10. Corn micro nutrients
Soil analysis desirable -> Results of the Analysis done in Germany
For Corn genberally
MgO; normally sufficient residue of the pre-successor
Sulphur – S; demand is largely covered by mineralization during growing season
Boron; Corn is the grain with the highest boron requirement: Foliar fertilization of 150 g boron / ha from the 4-5 leaf stage
Zinc; demand for zinc is high and the ability to acquire in the youth phase is low, Apply foliar fertilization with zinc at a level of g zinc / ha might be necessary
Manganese; corn has a good ability to acquire manganese, in case of deficiency or acute deficiency, foliar application should be made with g manganese / ha

11. High yields = high amount organic residues = high level of humus reproduction = water & nutrient storage capacity = high content of soluble nutrients capacity
. . . just two pictures of maize / corn roots at the same field but different fertilized*
* “Hundred years trials” of the University Halle; on black soils
89, Corn yield in dt/ha ,10

12. High yields – high costs !?!?

13. High yields – high costs !?!?

14. High yields – high costs !?!?

15. High yields – high costs !?!?

16. High yields – high costs !?!?

17. High yields – high costs !?!?