1. Chapter 3: Planning a Network Upgrade
CCNA Discovery 2

2. Contents 3.1: Document the Network 3.2: Planning
Site Survey
Physical and Logical Topologies
Network Requirements
3.2: Planning
Physical Environment
Cabling
Structured Cabling
3.3: Purchasing and Maintaining
Selecting LAN devices
Selecting Internetworking Devices
Upgrades

3. Network Upgrade
When expanding an existing network, if a business adds network hardware devices of varying quality and manufacturers, the quality of the current network may become degraded
It is important to carefully plan a network upgrade to ensure optimal performance and network scalability
Before designing an upgrade, a site survey is created to document the existing network structure.
It is also necessary to investigate and document the physical layout of the premises to determine where new equipment can be installed

4. Site survey
A site survey provides the network designer important information and creates a proper starting point for the project.
It shows what is already on site, and gives a good indication as to what is needed
It Should Include:
Number of users and types of equipment
Internet service and equipment
Existing infrastructure
Security requirements
Application requirements
Physical layout

5. Site survey

6. topologies Physical topology Logical topology
Shows the actual physical location of cables, computers, and other peripherals
Wired: consists of the wiring closet and the wiring to the individual end-user stations
Wireless: consists of the wiring closet and an access point
Logical topology
Documents the path that data takes through the network and where network functions, like routing, occur.
Includes the naming and Layer 3 addressing of end stations, router gateways, and other network devices
indicates the location of routing, network address translation, and firewall filtering

7. Physical Topology

8. Logical topology

9. Logical Topology types
Star
Each device is connected via a single connection to a central point. The central point is typically a switch or a wireless access point.
if a single connecting device fails, only that device is affected.
If the central device, such as the switch, fails, then all connecting devices lose connectivity.
Extended Star
The central device in one star is connected to a central device of another star, such as when multiple switches are interconnected, or daisy-chained together.
Mesh
Every device has a connection to every other device
Fully redundant network, complex to configure
Partial Mesh
Each device is connected to at least two other devices
Creates redundancy but less complex
Most core layer networks are wired as Mesh or Partial Mesh to ensure connectivity

10. Logical topologY Types

11. Inventory sheets
An inventory sheet is used to help the network designer determine what new equipment is required
Helps obtain additional information about the hosts and networking devices that are currently installed
should also document any growth that the company anticipates in the near future.

12. Inventory sheet The inventory sheet includes: Device name
Date of purchase
Warranty information
Location
Brand and model
Operating system
Logical addressing information
Gateway
Method of connectivity
Virus Checker
Security information

13. Network upgrade plan
A good project plan helps identify any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or threats (SWOT)
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
threats
The plan clearly defines the tasks, and the order in which the tasks are to be completed.

14. Planning Phases Requirements Gathering
Selection and Design of Cabling and Equipment
Devices and cabling are selected based on the requirements outlined in an Analysis Report
Multiple design options are created and regularly shared with other members on the project.
Prototypes are created and tested
Implementation of Network
Creating an implementation schedule that allows time for unexpected events, keeps disruption for the customer to a minimum
Operation of network
The network is brought into service in what is called a production environment
Review and Evaluation
Compare user experience with goals
Compare the projected designs and costs with the actual deployment
Monitor the operation and record changes

15. Physical environment
Wiring closets: MDF, IDF

16. Planning the Network Upgrade
Cabling considerations:
User work areas
Telecommunications room
Backbone area
Distribution area

17. Telecommunications Room

18. Structured cabling Cabling choices: Patch cables: Horizontal cable
STP
UTP
fiber optic
Patch cables:
a Short cable from the computer to the wall plate in the user work area
Horizontal cable
Cable from the wall plate to the IDF in the distribution area
Vertical cable
Cable from the IDF to the MDF in the backbone area of the business
Backbone cable
network cable that handles the major traffic

19. Cable wiring Ethernet Cable Types Straight-through cables
Crossover cables
Console (rollover) cables
Serial cables

20. Cross-over cable

21. Straight-through cable

22. Console cable

23. Floor plan Identify these items: Patch cable Horizontal cable
Vertical cable
Backbone cable
Location of wiring closet
Area to concentrate the end-user cables to the hub or switch
Cable management system
Trays and straps used to guide and protect cable runs
Cable labelling system
Labelling system or scheme to identify cables
Electrical considerations
Outlets and other items to support the electrical requirements of the network equipment

24. Purchasing Equipment Managed service In-house
The equipment is obtained from the ISP through a lease or some other agreement, and the ISP is responsible for updating and maintaining the equipment.
In-house
The customer purchases the equipment, and the customer is responsible for the updates, warranties, and maintenance of the equipment.

25. Purchase considerations

26. Selecting LAN devices
LAN switches provide connectivity within the local area networks.

27. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment
Routers interconnect local networks and are needed in a WAN environment.

28. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment
ISRs combine the functions of switches, routers, access points, and firewalls into the same device.

29. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment
Factors for choosing a router:
Type of connectivity
Features available
Cost

30. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment
Design considerations:
Reliability
Availability
“5/ 9s of uptime”
Fault tolerance

31. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment
IP addressing plan:
IP address scheme
Network information