1. Warm-up List 4 roles of the President. What was the Virginia Plan?
Name and define one political ideology.
Turn in the worksheet from yesterday if you haven’t already done so.

2. Reading check chapters 5-7
Get out your homework and something to write with. You don’t need a sheet of paper this time.

3. Article 3: The Judicial Branch The Judicial Branch: Interprets Laws
Unit 1

4. Elena Kagan Samuel Alito Sonia Sotomayor Neil Gorsuch
Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anthony Kennedy John Roberts Clarence Thomas Stephen Breyer

5. Section 1:
The judicial power shall rest in one Supreme Court and inferior courts
set up by Congress
The judges shall hold office during
good behavior and receive compensation which shall not diminish during term.
Compensation: salary (Roberts, as chief justice, earns$223,500 per year, while the eight associate justices make $213,900)
That cannot change during their term.

6. Section 1
REVIEW: who appoints federal judges? With the approval of who?
The President appoints, the Senate approves
Recess appointments are authorized by Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, which states: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

7. Section 2: Jurisdiction
The Judicial power extends to all cases that deal with:
Foreign diplomats/ambassadors
Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction
Where the US government is a party
Cases between two states
Between citizens of different states, Between states and citizens of different states, Between citizens of the same state that claim land in different states
*any of these cases would go to the FEDERAL courts*

8. Section 2: Jurisdiction
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in all cases involving diplomats and states as a party
In all other cases, the SC had appellate jurisdiction
Supreme Court gives itself the power of Judicial Review in Marbury v. Madison

9. Section 3: Treason
A person can commit treason by doing what two things?
Engaging in war against the US
Aiding an enemy of the state
No person can be convicted of treason unless there is what?
2 witnesses to the same act
Confession in open court
Except in cases of impeachment, the Constitution promises what two things?
Trial by jury
Trial help in the state where it was committed

10. Warm-up
Which part of Congress confirms the President’s appointments and treaties?
How many justices are there on the Supreme Court?
A court of appeals has what kind of jurisdiction?

11. Article 4: Interstate Relationships
Section 1: Full Faith and Credit
States must recognize laws, public records, and court decisions from other states
Section 2: Privileges and immunities
Returning criminals - Extradition - returning someone accused of a crime to the state where the crime occurred
Section 3 – Runaway slaves must be returned. Cancelled by the 13th amendment

12. Article 4: Interstate Relationships
Section 3: Becoming a New State
Only Congress can...create new states
Territory and property of the US - Congress makes laws over the territories
Section 4: Republican Guarantee
Guarantee that…
All states must have a republican government
Government must protect the 50 states from attack

13. Article 5: How to amend the Constitution
Proposing:
⅔ of Congress
2/3 of a National convention
Ratifying
¾ of state legislatures
¾ of state conventions

14. Article 6: National Debts and National Supremacy
Section 1: debts
Debts from AoC still apply to the US
Section 2: supremacy of national law
Constitutional and Federal laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land
Confirmed in McCulloch v. Maryland
Section 3: oaths of office
Civil officers must take an oath to uphold the Constitution. No religious test is allowed.

15. Article 7: How to Ratify this Constitution
Nine states must ratify this Constitution for it to take effect

16. Warm-up When are we taking the chapter 4 reading check?
If you could change one thing about the Constitution (adding something, taking something away, or just editing a part of it) what would you change?

17. Amendments 11-27
Unit 1

18. Amendments 11-27
11th: Makes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens.
February 7, months, 3 days to ratification
12th: made it so the President and Vice President are elected together
June 15, months, 6 days to ratification
*13th: Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
December 6, months, 6 days to ratification.
*14th: Defines citizenship, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause.
July 9, years to ratification.

19. 16th: Permits Congress to levy an income tax.
*15th: Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
February 3, months, 8 days to ratification.
16th: Permits Congress to levy an income tax.
February 3, years, 6 months, 22 days to ratification.
17th: Establishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
April 8, months, 26 days to ratification.

20. *19th: Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.
18th: Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States.
January 16, year, 0 months, 29 days to ratification.
*19th: Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.
August 18, year, 2 months, 14 days to ratification.

21. Let’s take a look at some aspects of the Fourteenth Amendment…
Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens of this country and the state in which they reside (previously – states could decide!).
Section 2: African-Americans are counted as a person in legislative representation. Previously, slaves were counted as 3/5ths of a person.
Section 3: Bars persons who had taken an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy from serving in the U.S. government (this was removed from the 14th Amendment by Congress in 1898).
Section 4: Acknowledges validity of Union debts incurred during the Civil War, but states that the U.S. will not claim any debts incurred by the former Confederate states. It forbids any payment to slave holders for the loss of slaves.
Section 5: Congress is given the authority to pass legislation to enforce this amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
What does “equal protection under the law” mean?
Why is due process so important?

22. Assess the following situations and discuss how they would be treated under the Fourteenth Amendment:
1. After analyzing statistics on driving under the influence of alcohol and accident rates for drivers ages 18-21, a state allows females to drink alcohol at 18 but makes males wait until they are 21 years old.
2. The National Honor Society at a public high school tells an unmarried teenage girl that she was not selected for membership because she is pregnant.
3. A state university has more sports programs, and therefore scholarship money, for males than they do for females.

23. Assess the following situations and discuss how they would be treated under the Fourteenth Amendment:
4. A state law requires that 20% of the contracts to build highways be awarded to minority- owned firms since that reflects the demographics of the state population.
5. A wealthy suburban community spends twice the amount per student to educate their children than does a poor one.
6. A state’s ethnic intimidation law provides special punishment for hate crimes that are based on gender, race, ethnic origin, and disability.
7. State troopers are required to retire at age 50.

24. Assess the following situations and discuss how they would be treated under the Fourteenth Amendment:
8. An immigrant family cannot apply for welfare benefits until they have lived in a state for two years.
9. A public school creates separate classes for girls and boys because they believe that the girls will do better in science and math if boys are not present.

25. Warm-up

26. 20th: Changes the date when the terms of the Pres
20th: Changes the date when the terms of the Pres. and VP (January 20) and Sen.s and Rep.s (January 3) end and begin.
January 23, months, 21 days to ratification
21st: Repeals the 18th Amendment.
December 5, months, 15 days to ratification

27. February 27, 1951. 3 years, 11 months, 6 days to ratification.
*22nd: Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once.
February 27, years, 11 months, 6 days to ratification.
23rd: Grants the District of Columbia electors in the Electoral College.
March 29, months, 12 days
*24th: Prohibits the poll tax.
January 23, year, 4 months, 27 days to ratification.
(the number of electors being equal to the least populous state)

28. 25th: outlines Presidential succession.
February 10, year, 7 months, 4 days to ratification
*26th: can vote if you’re 18 or older.
July 1, months, 8 days to ratification.
27th: delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representatives.
May 7, years, 7 months, 12 days to ratification

29. No Warm-up
Sign out a computer: write your name and the # on the bottom of the laptop on the sheet of paper on top of the computer.
Follow the instructions on the sheet that I handed to you on your way in.