2. Developing Cable Telephony Solutions Michael Metzger Executive Director, Marketing Mindspeed Technologies, Inc.

3. Agenda Introduction Voice over Cable Architectures Cable Standardization Bodies High Density Cable Gateway SoC Solutions EMTA SoC Solutions Whats Next in Voice over Cable?

4. Introduction VoIP over Cable is experiencing strong growth within North America Forecast of more than 17 M Voice over Cable subscribers in 2008 VoIP over Cable completes MSOs offering for triple-play voice, video, and data services Fundamental change in architectures moving to Packet-based networks from analog Voice over Cable

5. Voice over Cable – Current Architecture PSTN IP Network Headend Class 5 Switch Network Interface Terminal Cable Modem Analog voice traffic placed on cable medium, and connected to PSTN using traditional Class-5 switch

6. Next Generation – VoIP over Cable PSTN IP Network Media GW, Signaling GW CMTS EMTA Voice Traffic Data/Voice Traffic Call Mgmt Server True VoIP over Cable, packetized in converged MTA solutions Migration to all IP networks SBC IP Network WiFi

7. PacketCable Specification forum focused around detailing the architecture for next-generation IP Cable networks For Voice, PacketCable details: o QoS o Security o PSTN & IP Interconnect o Lawful Intercept o Reliability

8. IPCablecom Standardization Process ITU-T SCTE TCC (Japan) ETSI CableLabs (projects) ECCA (requirements) Vendor Global Standards (J.160 – J.174) Regional Standards Contributors

9. PacketCable – Timeline Rel 1.0 o Architectural framework for Packet-based Cable networks (1999) Rel. 1.5 o Added new voice codecs, fax relay (2005) Future Releases o IMS architecture & mobility o Call control moving to SIP o New voice and video codecs

10. PacketCable – QoS Quality of Service in PacketCable networks must at a minimum be equal to that of the PSTN o Fundamental requirement to drive adoption Major Factors affecting QoS for voice: o Voice Compression Technology o Packet Loss o Packet Latency/Delay o Echo Cancellation To ensure high QoS, SoCs must address the above

11. Typical High-Density Gateway Solution Control and Signaling Host Operating System Media Stream Processing Internal Memory N x DSP DSP Resource Manager Voice Channels Signaling Stacks Control Applications TDM Ethernet Media Stream Processing sub-system offloads host CPU Ethernet

12. SoC Solutions for High Density Gateways PSTNIP SoC Ethernet Switch SoC TSI Ethernet PHY OC-3 VoIP to TDM (with/without encryption) Media Forking for CALEA (with/without encryption) Transcoding (IP-IP) (with/without encryption)

13. SoC Architectures for High Density Gateways Voice DSP TSITSI Packet Processor SoC Voice DSP Voice DSP Voice DSP Security Ethernet TDM Memory

14. DSP Functions: Codecs Limited uplink speed demands complex voice codecs Echo Cancellation G.168-2002/4 Required G.711, recommended G.729e, G.728 (Rel. 1.0) Added required iLBC, BV-16 (Rel. 1.5) Future release o Wide-Band Codecs o Wireless Codecs

15. Example of Wireline/Wireless Codec: SMV Selectable Mode Voice Codec (SMV): Standardized for CDMA2000 G.711 Equivalent Voice Quality Music Detection Efficient Rate Determination Algorithm: Average Bitrate ~ 4kbit/s 4 coding rates: (full-rate:8.5kb/s, half-rate: 4.0kb/s, quarter-rate: 2.0kb/s, eight-rate: 0.8kb/s) Output bit stream Encode with 4.0kb/s bit-rate Encode with 2.0kb/s bit-rate Encode with 0.8kb/s bit-rate M U X Input speech Encode with 8.5kb/s bit-rate VAD Additional parameters extraction Logic of rate determination Mode requirement RDA module

16. DSP Functions: Intelligent Transcoding Increasing demand for Voice transcoding with migration to an all IP network Dynamic prediction algorithms prevent the degradation of voice quality inherent in typical G.711 transcoding schemes Roundtrip delay critical for voice quality over an IP network is significantly minimized No echo cancellation required

17. Fax & Modems Transport Required Packet & DSP functions: Transmit V.90 and 14.4 kbit/s FAX (over G.711) T.38 Fax Relay o 40 ms frame sizes o Packet redundancy Synchronization of end-points: less than 0.25 frame slips per minute

18. Security Processing PSTN security is based around the assumption that there is a direct dedicated link between the user and the central office o In PacketCable networks, shared medium is used As such, cryptographic methods are used to provide security in PacketCable for call privacy Optional implementation o 128-bit AES encryption o MMH/SHA-1 for message authentication

19. Packet Cable Voice Payload Encryption IPUDPVoice payloadAuthentication Authenticated Portion (MMH) Encrypted Portion (AES) RTP

20. 5 x 9s Reliability with N:1 Redundancy Active1 Active 2 voice Active 3 74mm SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro ADM6326 IDT 72V71660 FPGA Flow Classifier 74mm SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro SoC Miro ADM6326 IDT 72V71660 FPGA Flow Classifier 74mm SoC ADM6326 IDT 72V71660 FPGA Flow Classifier SoC Ethernet Switch Standby SoC

21. Low to Medium Density MTAs SHMSHM Voice DSP core TSITSI MMU Control & Signaling Processor Dual EMAC SoC Cable PHY Memory Telephony Interfaces EXPANSION BUS CSP 1 to N Telephones Ethernet Voice & Data Routing Embedded MTA Security USB 2.0 Printer or Peripheral PCI MSP Wi-Fi

22. CSP & MSP Model Non Real-time Real-time TDM Cable Modem CSP Control & Signaling Processor MSP Media Stream Processor Virtual Ethernet Driver Single Unified Memory DDR SDRAM Deterministic Voice Quality & Data Routing/VPN Performance o MSP/CSP partitioning for real- time & non real-time processes Corner case interoperability & standards compliance o CODECs & common functions run on MSP New/3 rd Party Applications does not affect MSP Processing o CSP hosts applications independent of media stream o E.g Linux or VxWorks Ethernet

23. Open Source Applications for a CSP ProjectApplicationHome Linux Kernel 2.6UNIX OS with integrated IPSechttp://www.kernel.org/ ApacheWeb Serverhttp://www.apache.org/ BusyboxCommon UNIX utilitieshttp://www.busybox.net/ AsteriskPBX, IVR, voicemailhttp://www.asterisk.org/index.php?menu=features OpenH323H.323 protocolhttp://www.openh323.org/ OpenSIPSIP user agent, proxyhttp://www.gnu.org/software/osip/osip.html MGCPMGCP implementationhttp://www.vovida.org Festival LiteText-to-Speech enginehttp://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite/ PPTP ClientVPN softwarehttp://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/ iptablesfirewalling subsystemhttp://www.netfilter.org/ GNU ZebraRouting Protocol Managerhttp://www.zebra.org gccC/C++ Cross compilerhttp://gcc.gnu.org/ gdbDebuggerhttp://sources.redhat.com/gdb/ EtherealNetwork Sniffer (with MND plugin)http://www.ethereal.com/ KDevelopFlexible IDEhttp://www.kdevelop.org/ Development Tools Telephony Core Networking

24. Whats Next in Voice over Cable? Mobility o Support cellular handset/WLAN o Wireless/Wireline Transcoding in Cable GW Call control mechanisms o TGCP SIP Migration to IP V6 Integration of Session Border Controllers functions into Cable GW Adoption of IMS Architecture Instant messaging (IM)