1. Do Now- True for False if false, correct the statement.
1. Certain acquired characteristics, such as mechanical or mathematical skill may be inherited.
2. Certain thoughts or experiences of a mother mark or alter the hereditary makeup of an unborn child.
3. Color blindness is more common in males than in females.
4. A person may transmit characteristics to offspring which he/she does not show.
5. Certain inherited traits may be altered by the stars, planets or moon early in development.
6. The total number of male births exceeds female births each year.

2. Genetics
Chapter 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, and 11.2

3. 1866 Gregor Mendel “Father of Genetics”
Austrian Monk that studied pea plants
Pure breeds
Self Fertilization
Statistician who wanted to be a teacher
Discovered how traits were inherited in a population

4. How Genetics Began
The passing of traits to the next generation - inheritance or heredity.
Mendel performed cross-pollination in pea plants.
Mendel followed various traits in the pea plants he bred.

5. 7 Traits Mendel Studied

6. Mendel studied seven different traits.
Seed or pea color
Flower color
Seed pod color
Seed shape or texture
Seed pod shape
Stem length
Flower position

7. Mendel’s Crosses
P Generation:
F1 Generation:
F2 Generation:

8. Generations P Generation – the parent generation
Parents
Pure
F1 Generation – the offspring or generation produced by the P Generation
Hybrid – 2 different types of genes for a trait
F2 Generation – the offspring or generation produced by the F1 Generation
3:1–Yellow : Green

9. Definitions Genetics: Gene: Allele: Study of hereditary
Strand of DNA that codes for a protein (Trait)
Allele:
A version of a gene

10. Phenotype vs. Genotype Phenotype: Genotype:
Physical characteristics (What the individual looks like)
Ex) Red Petals
Genotype:
Alleles Received (genes you have)
Ex) RR

11. Homozygous and Heterozygous
Having two of the same alleles for a particular trait
Heterozygous:
Having two different alleles for a particular trait

12. Dominant Vs. Recessive
Dominant gene is represented by a capital letter
Example - T
Recessive gene is represented by a lower case letter
Example - t
Dominant hides the recessive trait in the heterozygous genotype
Example – T=Tall and t=short
A person with the genotype Tt would be Tall but they would also carry the short gene to pass on to offspring.

13. Think – Pair - Share
If Fred Flintstone is heterozygous for black hair.
(B=Black, b=blonde)
What is Fred’s genotype?
What is Fred’s phenotype?
Tweety bird is yy. (Y= yellow feathers, y=brown feathers)
1. What is his genotype?
2. What is his phenotype?
3. Is he heterozygous or homozygous? Explain.

14. r R R r Mendels 3 Laws 1. Law of Segregation
Each allele a person has separates into different gametes
Ex. Rr – one R goes in one sperm and the other r goes into another sperm
r R r R
Sperm

15. Mendels 3 Laws 2. Law of Independent Assortment
Gene pairs (homologous) will separate randomly into gametes

16. Mendels 3 Laws 3. Law of Dominance
Traits exist in two possible forms (dominant and recessive)
The dominant forms hides the recessive trait in the heterozygous condition

17. Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Ratios
Phenotype Ratio:
Ratio of different physical traits
Ex) Brown eyes ¼ or 25%
Genotype Ratio:
Ratio of the different possible alleles
Ex) Tt = ¼ or 25%

18. Monohybrid Cross R= Can roll your tongue r= Can’t roll your tongue
Genotype Ratio:
Phenotype Ratio: R r

22. Sample Problems
Daffy Duck is heterozygous for black feathers. Daisy Duck is homozygous for yellow feathers. Set up a punnett square and determine probabilities of their potential offspring. (Both genotype and phenotype ratios!)
B = Black b = yellow

23. Do Now
Sponge Bob Square pants is heterozygous for brown eyes. Sandy is also heterozygous for brown eyes. Create a punnett square to determine the possible outcomes of their children.

24. Do Now
Sleeping Beauty has freckles. Her prince charming is heterozygous for no freckles. What are the chances of her children having freckles? Please show your work.