1. Greek Art and Architecture

2. Greek Sculpture

3. Periods of Greek Art Archaic (1000 to 480 BC)
Classical (480 to 336 BC)
Hellenistic (336 BC
Forward)

4. Archaic Period Characteristics Stiff, formal poses
Lack of facial expression

5. Classical Period Workshop of Phideas Tools from Workshop Of Phideas
Greatest sculptor = Phideas, an Athenian
Worked with wood, gold, ivory and bronze
1958: at workshop, found cup engraved
With “I am the property of Phideas”

6. Famous Classical Sculptures
Hermes and Dionysus
“Faun” of Praxiteles
Venus de Milo
Characteristics: subjects were gods / goddesses; more relaxed poses; more
realistic nudes

7. Parthenon Sculptures
Phideas’ students sculpted marble statues, decorations after his death
Considered world’s greatest ex. of memorial sculpture
Currently located in British Museum, displayed as “Elgin Marbles” (stolen in 1816 while ambassador to Ottoman Empire)

8. Artists’ rendition, interior of Parthenon

9. Hellenistic Period Dying Gaul
Characteristics: pinnacle of Greek realism;
Human (not gods) were focus; vivid scenes;
drama, emotion ++
Laocoon

10. Hellenistic Period
The Discus Thrower
Winged Victory (Nike)

11. Fate of Greek Sculptures
Few survived the ages
Bronze sculptures melted down for their metal
4th, 5th C. Christians believed destroying pagan statues was act of faith, piety
Burning marble produced lime, used during sieges

12. Greek Architecture

13. Architecture Archaic architecture (1200-700 BC)
Built of wood, mud or brick
Nothing left except foundations
By 700 BC, populations large enough to support public buildings
Granite & marble used for temples

14. Classical Architecture
Corinthian
Column
Ionian Column
Doric Column

15. Classical Architecture - Doric
Earliest style
Formal, austere
Spread from Greece to Italy
Style
Columns tapered
No base to column
Plain tops

16. Classical Architecture - Ionian
More relaxed style
Developed in E. Greece, colonies of Asia Minor
Dominated Hellenistic period
Style
Straight, thin column
Column had base
Standard to have 24
Flutes (grooves) in each column
Two curls to either side of top

17. Classical Architecture - Corinthian
Developed by Romans
Style
Much more ornamental tops (leaves, vines)
Ionian curls present
Flutes also present

18. Famous Greek Buildings
Lighthouse at Alexandria
m tall; fire by night, mirrors by day
Earthquake, 14th C AD
Colossus at Rhodes
At mouth of harbor
Stood for 54 years before earthquake knocked it down

19. Famous Greek Buildings
Statue of Zeus at Olympus
Earthquake destroyed temple
Statue taken to Constantinople
Burned in riot
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Built high in mountains w/ temple rising into clouds
425 feet long, 225 feet wide
127 columns, 60 feet tall
Destroyed in 262 AD by invading Goths

20. Parthenon
Built over older temple, around 480 BC (original destroyed when Persians occupied Athens)
Built from 447 to 431 BC
Constructed from limestone, marble
Considered the finest example of Doric architecture in its day
Turned into a Christian church in 6th C. AD
Then turned into a mosque in early 1460s
Destroyed in 1687 during siege

21. Parthenon (Athens)
Destruction of Parthenon, 1687 (newspaper sketch, 19th C.)