1. Chapter 6:
Federalism: National,
State, and Local Powers

2. Establishment of Federalism
Expressed Powers= National Gov.
Ex.) Coin money, Declare War, Interstate
Reserved Powers= State Gov.
Ex.) Regulate marriage, Intrastate
Concurrent Powers= Both
Ex.) Tax, Provide Public Services
Positives About Federalism
Protects Against Tyranny of the Majority
Promote Unity Without Imposing Uniformity
“Labs” for Policy Experimentation
Encourages Political Participation
Negatives About Federalism
Inconsistent Laws
Teaching and other Jobs
Conflict with Central Gov.
Single leader

3. Evolution of Federalism
Dual Federalism= Strict division of power
(LAYERED CAKE….YUM)
Cooperative Federalism= Sharing of power
(MARBLE CAKE…ALSO YUM)
INTERSTATE=Between states
INTRASTATE=Inside state
Mandates: Regulation of policies enforced by federal gov. upon state/local gov.
Block Grants: Unrestricted funds given to state/local governments
Grants-in-Aid: Specific funds given to state/local governments
Devolution: Transfer of power from federal gov to state/local gov.

5. State Government
US Constitution forces all states to have a “republican form of government”
Apportionment: Distribution of seats in legislature according to law
Gerrymandering: Drawing of boundaries of a legislative district with the intent of giving one party or group a significant advantage
Governor’s role:
Chief Executive of a State
Est. agenda for budget/legislature
Veto/Sign bills into law
Appoint state officials
Grant pardons
Command state’s National Guard
Issue Executive Orders

7. Local Government
Local Government= Counties, Parishes, Boroughs, Special Purpose Districts
County Gov. Titles= Registrar, Sheriff, Clerk, Circuit Judge
Municipal Court= Minor offenses/Misdemeanors may be heard here
Most cities have a mayor, commissioner, or city council as an executive(s)
Special Purpose District: Independent units of a local gov.
(ex. School, Fire, etc)
Challenges facing local gov. include:
Citizens watching over closely
Little pay or volunteerism is needed
Local gov. provides essential services