1. Official governmental aid
International aid
Official governmental aid
Voluntary aid
Multilateral aid
Bilateral aid
Long-term
Short-term
Given by many countries and paid out by an international organisation e.g. UN.
Given for constant improvement. To help development.
Given to cope with immediate problems caused by disasters.
Given from one country to another.
The good…..
Aid which is long term can help development.
Overtime the country can become less reliant on foreign aid.
Aid can help combat poverty.
It can be used to help a boost a countries economy. For example money can be used to set up new industry.
The bad…..
The recipient can become dependent on the aid.
Some aid may not reach the people who need it.
Some aid only lasts a short time- will not help development.
Some aid can be tied.
The benefits of aid can take a long time.

2. Employment structures and development
NIC
MEDC
LEDC
As a country develops they loose their primary industry and begin to industrialise as the country becomes further developed and the land too expensive the secondary industry is moved. Any secondary industry that is left if carried out by machines. Tertiary industry then has enough money to fully develop.

3. A sustainable aid project Wateraid – LDC - Mali
WaterAid is an international NGO (non-governmental organisation /charity) that focuses on the provision of safe domestic water, sanitation and hygiene education to the world's poorest people.. WaterAid's vision is of a world where everyone has access to safe domestic water and effective sanitation.
In Mali, current national figures indicate that only 50% of the people have access to clean drinking water and only 4% of the population have access to adequate sanitation facilities (toilets).
Women spend much of their time searching for water. Children also spend precious school hours looking for water at the expense of their education
Wateraid works with local
people & organisations, as
they best know the local people.
Mali’s environment is harsh and deteriorating. Rainfall levels are already low and falling further.
Poor sanitation means bad health. Bacteria, viruses and parasites found in human waste are responsible for the transmission of cholera, typhoid and other infectious diseases that kill millions of people each year. The problem is huge in both urban and rural areas
Wateraid integrate water,
sanitation & hygiene projects
65% of the country is
desert or semi-desert
In Mali, the water industry is privatised but often fails to the provide water to rural and urban aeas.
Health has now improved include reducing the deaths from diarrhoea – 65% improvement
Education is now improving, money is being invested into the infrastructure
Wateraid is first targeting Slums in Mali’s capital, it wants to show the government that projects in slums are easy to set up and sustainable.
Wateraid employs local people, who they are training up to maintain the system and raise money to keep it running.
Then invest in the community – THIS IS SUSTAINABLE
WaterAid started pilot projects in Mali in 2011

4. Factors that influence economic activity BRIC - South East Brazil
More MNCs are located
here than anywhere
else in Brazil
South East Brazil is the economic CORE region of Brazil, it has primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries.
Factors that influence economic activity
BRIC - South East Brazil
Secondary Industries
It is the centre for foreign and national investment in manufacturing.
Investment was concentrated her in the 1950s/60s by the Government. Excellent road and rail links here, as well as the most ports and airports. Solid pipeline for oil and gas.
Car industry is the major activity – Ford, GM, VW, Fiat and Toyota manufacture here.
Other production includes clothing, food , printing and furniture. (Yet decreasing due to competition in AISA)
The quality of life and wages are higher than anywhere else in Brazil
The periphery is just outside the economic core, where most people live and some industries are located
Primary Industries
What influence the primary industries here?
-Warm temperature
Average rainfall
Rich soils
GREAT FOR FARMING
Coffee, beef, rice, cacao, sugar cane and fruit are grown here
MINING
Large deposits of gold, iron ore, manganese and bauxite make mining very viable here
ENERGY
Oil, gas offshore and hydroelectric power from the large river ensure energy is produced
FOREST/LOGGING
Warm temperatures create the forest
FISHING
-Off the coast many are employed in fishing and supplies food for the locals
Tertiary
Sao Paulo is the largest financial centre in south America. Most headquarters for Brazil’s banks.
Rio de Janerio, Santos, Sao Paulo major cities
Quaternary
Centre of research and development in public & private sectors. San Jose Dos Campos is the key area. The Aerospace Technical Centre is where space & aviation is developed & tested
Map showing Brazil’s
regional Human Development Index
50 years upward growth,
clear multiplier effect
The population is over 72
million and is the largest
in Brazil

5. Factors that influence economic activity
LEDC - Kenya
Tertiary
Strong in the rift valley as there is lots of National Parks and lakes.
Primary
Lots in the north east.
They rear livestock such as cattle.
The area is too hot and dry to grow crops but suitable for grazing.
Primary
Lots in the west.
They produce coffee, tea, tobacco and fruits.
The area has good soil and rainfall.
Tertiary
Strong on the coast because of the beaches.
Secondary
Lots of manufacturers in Nairobi .
They produce clothes, food and drink .
The area has good transport links and a good labour supply.
Secondary
There are cement works in the coast.
They use the limestone from nearby deposits as a raw material and can then ship it easily.

6. Employment structures
Primary industry
Secondary industry
Economic
Cheap land as farming uses large areas of land.
Good transport routes to export.
Environmental
Lots of raw materials.
A suitable climate.
Good soil.
Economic
Suitable local market.
Government grants given to encourage set up.
Lots of workers.
Good transport routes.
Environmental
Close to raw materials.
Plenty of flat land
A local water supply.
Research and development.
Tertiary industry
Quaternary industry
Services
Environmental
Green open spaces for a pleasant environment.
Economic
A suitable local market.
Good transport routes.
Skilled and educated workers.
Economic
Near similar businesses so that information can be shared.
Skilled and educated workers.
Environmental
Green open spaces for a pleasant environment.
Social
Enough local people to support the service.
Social
Nice quality housing nearby to encourage workers to move.