1. EMOTIONS

2. Theories of emotions
Emotion a response (focuses our attention; energizes our actions) of the whole organism involving
Physiological arousal (heart pounding)
Expressive behavior (quickened pace)
Conscious experience (thoughts, questions)
Common sense theory conscious awareness first; then physiological effects
Ex. We’re sad…we cry

3. Theories of emotions James-Lange theory
Physiological effect THEN conscious awareness

4. Theories of emotions Cannon-Bard theory
Physiological response and conscious awareness happen simultaneously

5. Theories of emotions Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer physiology and cognitions create emotion

6. Theories of emotions

7. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion
Spill over effect
Schachter-Singer experiment
Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

8. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
Differences in brain activity
Amygdala – emotional center
Frontal lobes
right=negative thoughts
left=positive thoughts (high supply of dopamine receptors)
Nucleus accumbens (happy place) neural cluster that receives dopamine from left frontal lobe
Polygraph measures physiological changes in emotion

9. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Women= higher nonverbal sensitivity, greater emotional literacy, more empathetic, more facial emotions
Men = anger

10. Culture and Emotional Expression
Expressions are universal for basic emotions
Gestures vary with cultures
Display rules: are a social group's informal norms about when, where, and how one should express emotions. (Ex: Crying at a Funeral)

11. The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback facial expressions display AND feed our feelings

12. Stress and Health

13. Stress and Illness
Stress is our reaction to certain events that either threatening or challenging.
Stress appraisal is how we dictate the situation at hand
Ex: Stressful event: Math test (threats=stress to distraction and challenges=Arousal and focus)
Good vs Bad Stress

14. Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events
3 Types of Stressors:
Catastrophes (Ex: Natural disasters Earthquake)
Significant life changes ( Ex: Divorce)
Daily hassles ( Ex: Tardy Pass)

15. Stress and Illness The Stress Response System
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm (initial arousal, emotions heightens)
Resistance (high arousal, control the amount of stress)
Exhaustion (if arousal persistent, more probe to illness and even death)

16. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
Psychophysiological illnesses = physiological effects of psychological states (ex. Headache, Hypertension)
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) the study of how psychological, neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
Lymphocytes (white blood cells)
B lymphocytes (fight bacteria)
T lymphocytes (attack cancer cells, viruses, foreign substances)
*Depletes during stress

17. Stress and the Heart
Coronary heart disease ( the leading cause of death in many developing countries) the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle.
Type A versus Type B
Type A
Type B