1. DNA Structure and Function

2. DNA-Introduction

4. DNA- DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Located in most all cells
Specifically in the nucleus
Makes up chromosomes
Controls all cell activities

5. DNA-Discovery
James Watson American Biologist and Francis Crick English Physicist – put together the structure of DNA - model

6. DNA-Discovery

7. DNA-Strucure Shape is that of a Double Helix- “twisted ladder”
Made up of:
-Deoxyribose Sugar
-Phosphate molecule
-Nitrogen Bases

8. DNA Structure The basic unit or building block is called a Nucleotide
It is made up of:
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Phosphate Group
- Nitrogen Base

9. DNA-Structure
Sides of the ladder are made up of alternating molecules of:
-Phosphate
-Deoxyribose Sugar

10. DNA-Structure
The middle or “rungs of the ladder” are made up of Nitrogen Bases
There are FOUR different types of Nitrogen Bases
They are joined by weak Hydrogen Bonds.

11. DNA-Structure Base Pair Rule: Adenine (A) bonds with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) bonds with Guanine (G)

12. DNA Candy Model

13. DNA-Structure DNA “winds up” and condenses to make Chromosomes.
Genes are segments of DNA located on specific sites on chromosomes that code for a specific Protein.

14. DNA Replication Process in which DNA makes an exact copy of itself
Takes place in the Nucleus
Provides a set of instructions for new cells –growth or healing

15. DNA-Replication STEPS:
DNA unzips – hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases are broken by an enzyme.
Free nucleotides in nucleus line up with exposed nitrogen bases – helped by another enzyme
Bonds are formed between sides and nitrogen bases leaving 2 DNA molecules each made up of one original strand and one newly formed strand.
VIDEO:

16. DNA- Replication

17. Chromosomes
Chromosomes are identified by their size, location of centromere and banding pattern.

18. Parts of a Chromosome Telomere – the end or tip of a chromosome
Centromere – part of where spindle fibers attach
Chromatid – one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by a single centromere

19. Homologous Chromosomes

20. Human Chromosomes

21. Mitosis – Cell Division
Why would a cell need to divide?
What process would need to take place BEFORE cell division occurs?
What type of cells undergo Mitotic Division?
What does Mitosis mean?

22. Mitosis – Cell Division
ANSWERS:
Make more cells for growth or repair.
Replication
Body Cells or SOMA Cells – Asexual Reproduction
“Mito” = thread-like “osis” = condition
Let’s Take a Look!!

23. Mitosis
Is a process where a single cell divides into two daughter cells
division of the nuclear material
occurs in eukaryotic cells: animal & plant
Daughter cells are exact copies of the parent cells in number and kinds of chromosomes
2n--) 2n
Video : Brain Pop

24. Mitosis – Plant Cells

25. Mitosis – Stages of

26. Inter - Between

27. Pro - First

28. Meta - MIddle

29. Ana - ???

30. Telo – End

31. Mitosis – Animal Cells

32. Mitosis Plant Cell

33. Mitosis Animal vs Plant

34. Quiz - Mitosis