1. Energy Flow in Global Systems
Section 1
Redding – Science 10
2018

2. Earth – Our Biosphere
Thin layer above the earth that has conditions suitable for supporting life
Composed of all living things on earth and the physical environment that supports them
Made up of three interacting layers:
Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth
Lithosphere – solid portion of the earth composed of rocks and minerals
Hydrosphere – all of the water on earth

3. The Atmosphere Rises over 500km above the earth’s surface
Composed of a mixture of different gases
Contains atmospheric dust – varying amount of particle matter (less than 0.66cm in diameter)
Can include living and non-living particles
Can be divided into 4 layers that are found at different altitudes
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

4. Continued... Troposphere 0-10km from earth Average temp is 15 degrees
Reaches a minimum temp of degrees at the top
Contains 80% of atmospheric gases
Stratosphere
10-50km from earth
Average temp -60 and increases to o degrees as you move away from earth
No life in this part of the atmosphere
Contains the ozone layer

5. Continued... Mesosphere About 80 km away from earth
Temperature moves from 0 degrees to -100 degrees at the top of the layer
Thermosphere
Farthest away from earth
Temperature moves from degrees to as much as degrees
Very little gas
Temperature change is not fully understood

6. Lithosphere Solid portion of the earth that floats above the mantle
Outer surface of the earth
Extends to about 100km below surface of the earth
Warmed mainly by the sun and very little by the earths core

7. Hydrosphere Accounts for all of the water on earth
~97% is salt water (oceans) and 3% fresh water (lakes and streams, frozen snow and glaciers)
The amount of water on earth always remains the same!
Warmed mainly by incoming sunlight

8. Interaction of the Biosphere
The earth’s water, nitrogen and carbon cycles show how the different layers of the biosphere interact
Can you think of how water moves through these layers???

9. Climate
Most people live in areas of the world that do not have distinct seasons – can you think of why this would happen?
Climate can determine your lifestyle, how you eat, what you wear and how expensive items are at a grocery store that you buy
Why is this???

10. Continued – Affect on organisms
Climate can affect environmental conditions
This forces adaptation in organisms
What is adaptation?
Can you think of any adaptations of animals on different continents?
How can food webs be affected by climate change?

11. Climate change What is the difference between weather and climate?
Climate change is a change that occurs to a region over a period of about 30 years
There is evidence for climate change but it comes in 2 main forms:
Anecdotal Climate Change
Relies of reports and records made on a daily, monthly or yearly basis
Scientific Climate Change
Relies on evidence collected that is un-bias and reflects general situations not particular events