1. James Monroe’s Presidency

2. President James Monroe
1817 TO 1825
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
Born in Virginia in 1758
Attended the College of William and Mary
Fought with Continental Army
Practiced law in Virginia
Elected United States Senator
Helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase
Elected President in 1816 and served from 1817 to 1825
Era of Good Feelings
President James Monroe

3. Political Nationalism
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
Cultural Nationalism
Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American society from books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism
Economic Nationalism
Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy AMERICAN SYSTEM
Political Nationalism
Movement to bring about the support for national government is over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

4. Westward Expansion
A series of treaties were signed in order to ensure the expansion of the United States:

5. Rush-Bagot Agreement Treaty with Great Britain
Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years
Set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel
US agreed to cede land above 49th parallel
GB agreed to cede land below 49th parallel

6. 49th Parallel Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1818 with Great Britain
Agreed to joint occupation

7. Westward Expansion Florida Becomes Part of US
After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida
Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and white outlaws would conduct raids and then retreat to safety across the Florida border
President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders
Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs
Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish governor

9. Adams-Onis Treaty (1818) Westward Expansion Spain: US agreed
Turned over western Florida along with all to the east
Gave up claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S.
US agreed
to pay $5 million to Spain
to give up any territorial claims to Texas

10. 49th Parallel
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 with Spain
Texas

11. Rush-Bagot 1818

12. New Latin American countries were formed from successful revolutions.

13. monroe doctrine
MONROE DOCTRINE
Monroe felt that he had to respond to the threat that European countries might try to win back their former Latin American colonies.
Thus, Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears his name, Monroe Doctrine.
Monroe told Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll stay out of your squabbles.
The doctrine also claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere, if it felt its security was threatened
This was a policy of mutual noninterference

14. Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

15. No European country tried to intercede in the Americas following the Monroe Doctrine, so it appeared to work.
In reality, no one was afraid of the American military; Spain, France and others stayed out of the Western Hemisphere because the powerful British navy made sure they did.

16. MONROE DOCTRINE Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.
It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies.
Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe
US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere
No European Colonization in the Americas
US recognized existing European Colonies
Responding to Russian territorial claims along the northern Pacific coast, and concerned that European nations would attempt to seize recently independent Latin American states, President James Monroe announced a new national policy. No new colonies would be allowed in the Americas, and European powers were not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. This mural depicts a discussion among the president and members of his cabinet; from left to right are President James Monroe, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Attorney General William Wirt, Secretary of War John Calhoun, and Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard.
Monroe Doctrine
US will stay out of European affairs

18. Spirit of Nationalism in US patriotism or national oneness
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
1817 TO 1825
american system
Spirit of Nationalism in US
patriotism or national oneness
Country is united, confident, and growing
, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good Feelings” had began.
But, time period was not free of problems.

19. Not so good in the era of good feelings?
There was an economic depression
The country was dividing into three parts
Issue of slavery threatened the nation

20. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
The Panic of 1819
Largely the fault of the Second Bank of the United States,’ it did not give out as much loans as before (tightened credit in an effort to control inflation)
Many state banks closed
There were large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Depression was most severe in the West

21. SECTIONALISM
U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.
NORTHEAST
Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster _______________
Wanted Tariffs
Backed internal improvements
End to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.
SOUTH
Cotton-growing John C. Calhoun
_______________
Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.
WEST
Frontier agriculture Henry Clay
______________
Supported internal improvements and American System.
Wanted cheap land
Loyal to the U.S. Govt.
Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue
Economy Leader
____________
Role of Government

22. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
NORTHEAST
Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster ____________
Wanted Tariffs
Backed internal improvements
Wanted end to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

23. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
SOUTH
Cotton growing
John C. Calhoun
____________
Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

24. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Supported internal improvements
WEST
Frontier agriculture
Henry Clay
_____________
Supported internal improvements
Wanted cheap land
Loyal to the U.S. Govt.
Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

25. The new period of expansion also resulted in a national debate over slavery
In 1820, the Union consisted of 22 states
11 allowed slavery, 11 prohibited it
When Missouri applied for statehood, it threatened the balance of power between the slave & non-slave states

26. MISSOURI COMPROMISE
After months of heated debate in Congress, Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills that represented a compromise

27. The Missouri Compromise was created to appease both sides
(1) Admit Missouri as a slave state
(2) Carve off a piece of Massachusetts, called it Maine, & admitted Maine as a free state
(3) Establish the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point in which slavery would then be allowed in the western territories of the US
About Maine: Because it was physically separated from the rest of Massachusetts (properly speaking, the Department of Maine was an exclave of Massachusetts) and because it was growing in population at a rapid rate, Maine became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820 as a component of the Missouri Compromise.

28. The compromise was the first in a series of measures forestalling the Civil War. It also split the powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending its 20-year control of national politics