1. Turbulence occurring after carotid bifurcation endarterectomy: A harbinger of residual and recurrent carotid stenosis 
Dennis F. Bandyk, M.D., Hermann W. Kaebnick, M.D., Mark B. Adams, M.D., Jonathan B. Towne, M.D. 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages (February 1988)
DOI: / (88)
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Illustration of intraoperative assessment of carotid bifurcation endarterectomy by pulsed-wave Doppler flow analysis. Downstream from intimal flap in internal carotid artery, flow disturbances are identified by spectral analysis of pulsed-wave Doppler signal. Doppler sample volume is positioned in midstream of flow. Commonly encountered vascular defects can be detected by the presence of blood flow turbulence.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Arteriogram (left) and duplex scan (right) obtained at operation after carotid bifurcation endarterectomy. Arrows delineate the arterial segment profiled by B-mode imaging. Duplex instrumentation permits positioning of the pulsed-wave Doppler sample volume, accurate measurements of beam angle, and display of Doppler signal as velocity spectra.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Velocity spectra and spectral criteria for the various degrees of flow disturbance in internal carotid artery.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Comparison of internal carotid artery flow disturbance and operative arteriographic interpretation of 251 carotid endarterectomies. Spectral criteria are shown in Fig. 3.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Operative arteriogram (right) and velocity spectra (left) show severe flow disturbance in distal internal carotid artery caused by residual stenosis (arrow).
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Operative arteriogram (right) and velocity spectra (left) show moderate to severe flow disturbance in proximal internal carotid artery caused by irregular vessel wall of a vein-patched endarterectomy site.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Operative arteriogram (left) and velocity spectra (right) show severe flow disturbance in proximal internal carotid artery caused by fibrin-platelet aggregates (arrow) in the endarterectomized arterial segment.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Life-table analysis. Incidence of carotid endarterectomy sites free of stenosis or occlusion relative to severity of residual internal carotid artery flow disturbances. Closed circles indicate normal flow pattern/mild flow disturbances and open circles indicate moderate to severe residual flow disturbance. Recurrent stenosis rate was statistically significant by Wilcoxon rank test (p < 0.002).
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 7, DOI: ( / (88) )
Copyright © 1988 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions