1. by/Henrik Wejdling BirdLife-Denmark Dansk Ornitologisk Forening
DIRECTIVE 2009/147/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November on the conservation of wild birds Implementation in Denmark
by/Henrik Wejdling
BirdLife-Denmark
Dansk Ornitologisk Forening

2. Short on Denmark & Forest
In average 14,5 %

4. Birds Directive (2009/147/EC)
Two important Articles:
4 on Special Protection Areas (SPAs), Annex I-species
5 on general protection of (all) species of birds – especially protection against deliberate destruction of nests and deliberate disturbance

5. Article 4: Special Protection Areas (SPAs), Annex I-species
The species mentioned in Annex I shall be the subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.
Member States shall classify in particular the most suitable territories in number and size as special protection areas for the conservation of these species in the geographical sea and land area where this Directive applies.
SPAs

6. Danish Forrest-Species, Annex 1 (13)
Name, scientific
Name, English
Population, DK
Trend, DK
Red List, DK
No. of SPAs
Ciconia nigra
Black Stork → RE 1
Pernis apivorus
European Honey Buzzard
650 15
Milvus milvus
Red Kite
120 ↑ VU 6
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed Eagle
72 (2015) 20
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle 3
(NA) 2
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey 5 CR 4
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-Owl 70 NT
Aegolius funereus
Boreal Owl 7
Caprimulgus europaeus*
European Nightjar 9
Dryocopus martius
Black Woodpecker ↓
Dendrocopos medius
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ?
Lullula arborea*
Woodlark
Lanius collurio*
Red-backed Shrike
1,500 17
Melnais stārķis
*) Open woodland/pasture with trees and bushes

7. 9 5 5 5 SPAs in total: 113 Of which with forrest birds: 47 6 6
SPAs with 1 species: 26
SPAs with 2 species: 8
SPAs with 3 species: 7
SPAs with 5 species: 3
SPAs with 6 species: 2
SPAs with 9 species: 1 1 3 3 9 5 1 1 1 6 3 3 5 3 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

8. Natura 2000 in Denmark, km2 Natura 2000 22,220 SPAs (Birds) Habitat
19,300
SPAs (Birds)
14,700
2,920
km2
On land
On sea
Total
% on land
Habitat
3.150
16.150
19.300 16
% of land/sea 7 15
SPA
2,600
12,100
14,700 18 6 11
allso Habitat
2,180
9,600
11,780
Natura 2000
3,570
18,650
22,220 8 17
11,780

9. Special conservation measures (?) – only recommendations
Within Natura 2000-areas there are no special legislation except for a mandatory hearing before certain activities (such as conversion).
If the authorities says ‘No’, the owner should be fully compensated.
The authorities back in 2003 laid down a lot of scientificly based recommendations:

10. Recommendations for favourable conservation status
For all species of birds included in Annex 1 and found regularly in Denmark a series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of those species at a favourable status were specified and recommended by 2003 (scientifically).
As for nests and their protection the following were recommended (compared to the official guideline for State Forrest to day):

11. Recommended protection area, radius around nest tree (meters)
Name, scientific
Name, English
Recommended protection area, radius around nest tree (meters)
Scientific recommendations, 2003
Guidelines for State Forrest, 2017
Ciconia nigra
Black Stork
500
Pernis apivorus
European Honey Buzzard
200 20
Milvus milvus
Red Kite
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey
300
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-Owl
Aegolius funereus
Boreal Owl
100
Caprimulgus europaeus
European Nightjar -
Dryocopus martius
Black Woodpecker
Dendrocopos medius
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ?
Lullula arborea
Woodlark
Lanius collurio
Red-backed Shrike

13. Article 5: Prohibiting deliberate destruction of nests/disturbance particularly during period of breeding
Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a general system of protection for all species of birds referred to in Article 1 [i.e. ‘all species’], prohibiting in particular:
……..
(b) deliberate destruction of, or damage to, their nests and eggs or removal of their nests;
(d) deliberate disturbance of these birds particularly during the period of breeding and rearing, in so far as disturbance would be significant having regard to the objectives of this Directive;

14. Danish implementation
As for Article 5 b & d fully implementation has been fulfilled (same wording)
In general it is forbidden by law deliberately to destruct or damage any nests or eggs or deliberately to disturb any breeding bird.
Besides explicit measures for certain species
The trees of their nests are protected at least during breeding season and for some species all year as long as the nests are useable:

15. Name, scientific
Name, English
Protection of nest tree according to Danish legislation
Phalacrocorax carbo
Great Cormorant
1/2-31/7
Ardea cinerea
Grey Heron
Ciconia nigra
Black Stork
All year
Pernis apivorus
European Honey Buzzard
1/2-31/8
Milvus milvus
Red Kite
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed Eagle
Accipiter gentilis
Northern Goshawk
Accipiter nisus
Eurasian Sparrowhawk
Buteo buteo
Eurasian Buzzard
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey
Falco tinnunculus
Common Kestrel
Falco subbuteo
Eurasian Hobby
1/2-31-8
Falco peregrinus
Peregrine Falcon
Columba oenas
Stock Dove
1/11-31/8*
Tyto alba
Barn Owl
1/2-31/8 (+1/11-31/8*)
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-Owl
Athene noctua
Little Owl
Strix aluco
Tawny Owl
Asio otus
Long-eared Owl
Aegolius funereus
Boreal Owl
Jynx torquilla
Eurasian Wryneck
1/11-31/8
Picus viridis
European Green Woodpecker
Dryocopus martius
Black Woodpecker
Dendrocopos major
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Dendrocopos medius
Middle Spotted Woodpecker
Dendrocopos minor
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker
Corvus frugilegus
Rook
*) Due to general protection of bats (according to Habitat Directive)
= Annex I

16. Legislative differences, Germany/Denmark Example: Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
In breeding season no forestry, agriculture, fishery or hunting
(300 m)
Only protection of the tree and only in breeding season
All year: Neither cutting or remowing of timber nor other changing activities (100 m)

18. Norway, Agder & Telemark
Protecting areas, meters
Scientific name
English name
Breeding season
All year
Plain
Steaper than 60 degrees
Normal
Against rocks
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-Owl
400
100 50
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed Eagle
Accipiter gentilis
Northern Goshawk
200 25
Pernis apivorus
European Honey Buzzard
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey
Falco peregrinus
Peregrine Falcon
Buteo lagopus
Rough-legged Buzzard
Strix uralensis
Ural Owl
Strix nebulosa
Great Grey Owl
Buteo buteo
Eurasian Buzzard

19. Different countries – different species and different needs
Due to differences in for instance:
History
Density of species
Local habituation
- the needs are not the same in all countries
In some countries also non-Annex-I-species needs special protection while some Annex-I-species are doing well without

20. Summarising – 12 species of Danish (DOF-) concern
Protecting area
Recommended
By Law, D
Name, scientific
Name, English
DOF
DK, Sci.
DK, State S N
M-V
S-H
Ciconia nigra
Black Stork
300
500
100
Pernis apivorus
European Honey Buzzard
200 20
Milvus milvus
Red Kite
Haliaeetus albicilla
White-tailed Eagle
400
Accipiter gentilis
Northern Goshawk
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey
Falco subbuteo
Eurasian Hobby
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-Owl
Aegolius funereus
Boreal Owl
Picus viridis
European Green Woodpecker
Dryocopus martius
Black Woodpecker
= Annex I
= DOF-proposal for FSC-standard