1. Electromagnetic Induction
Induced EMF and Induced Currents
Note: This is an AP topic only, so if they ask which way current will flow, they mean conventional current (+ with RIGHT hand rules)

2. When there is no relative motion between the coils of wire and the magnet there is no current produces

3. Current is created in the coil when the magnet is moved towards the coil
Note: This is an AP topic only, so if they ask which way current will flow, they mean conventional current (+ with RIGHT hand rules)

4. Current also exists when you pull it away from the coil, just in the opposite direction.
The current in the coil is called an induced current. The coil itself acts as a source of emf known as an induced emf.

5. Another way to look at it.
Changing the area of a coil, in effect, reduces/increases the B field that the coil is subject to. Changing the B field strength experienced by the coil. This will also create a current.

6. The EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
Motional EMF
The EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor

7. A rod is being pushed to the right with constant speed v
A rod is being pushed to the right with constant speed v. Suddenly the bulb lights. Why?
Where is the current coming from ?
Where is this opposing force coming from?

8. ε=BLv We have been using the term emf, ε, or electro motive force.
Potential Difference

9. Motional EMF and Magnetic Flux

10. By definition
therefore
Of course the angle with the field is important

12. It is convenient express emf in terms of area when using induction in motors and generators.
since

13. Faradays Law actually reads
Where N is the # of turns in the coil. But what is the negative all about?

14. Consider the field created by the counterclockjwise loop in our previous problem. What is the direction of its field?

15. Lenzs’ Law

16. The induced emf resulting from a changing magnetic field will produce a current in such a way that the induced magnetic field will oppose the original change in flux.
Like “magnetic inertia”

20. Transformers

21. Basically, this is a transformer!
Later, I will ask you why we need ALTERNATING CURRENT
to make this work!
Basically, this is a transformer!

22. How many of those little Power Cube thingies do you have around your house? Here's how many I found around mine:
The answering machine
The cordless phone
The cell phone
The electronic anti-flea ultrasonic noisemaker (we have 2 dogs)
The digital camera
The nicad battery recharger
The video camera battery replacer/recharger
The digital clock in the bedroom
The electric toothbrush
The electric razor
The electric screwdriver
The electric drill
Both sides of the baby monitor
The laptop computer
The office phone
The ink jet printer
The speaker system on the computer
The tape recorder that records notes in the office
The calculator recharger
The 9-volt battery replacer for the radio
The radio shack univeral power cube

23. So let's take one of these apart and see what's inside
So let's take one of these apart and see what's inside. Here's the transformer we will be exploring today:                                                                                                                                

24. Under the cover
This transformer came with a rechargeable electric screwdriver. This particular transformer is rated at 3 volts and 240 milliamps. Once you convince the cover to come off here is what you find inside:

25. What you can see here are two windings
What you can see here are two windings. The purpose of a transformer is to convert one AC voltage to another AC voltage. In this case the transformer converts the normal 120 volt AC current in your house down to three volts.

26. Primary Winding
The 120 volts comes in on the primary winding on the left. Running down the middle of that winding (as well as around the outside) is an iron core. The AC current in the primary winding creates an alternating magnetic field in the iron just as it would in an electromagnet.
Iron Core

27. Secondary Winding
The other winding, known as the secondary winding wraps around the same iron core. In the secondary winding the magnetic field in the core creates current. The voltage in the secondary is controlled by the ratio of the number of turns in the two windings. So if the primary and secondary windings have the same number of turns, the primary and secondary voltage will be the same. If the secondary winding has half as many turns as the primary then the voltage in the secondary will be half that of the voltage in the primary.

28. You can see in the following figure that the primary in this particular transformer uses very fine wire while the secondary uses much thicker wire. To drop down to 3 volts, there needs to be 40 times more turns in the primary than in the secondary.

29. On the other side of the transformer you find two diodes wrapped in rubber insulation. The diodes act as a rectifier, turning the AC current into DC current. Most transformer cubes that you find around the house produce a low-voltage DC current (3 to 12 volts, and less than an amp of current).

30. Turning AC into DC
DC current is necessary because rechargeable batteries store DC current, because most electronics require low-voltage DC current and because small DC motors run directly from batteries and are the least expensive motors available.

31. On the other hand, the picture tube in your TV requires 15,000 V to accelerate the electron beam, and a transformer is used to obtain this from a 120 V wall outlet.

32. The current coming into the house is 30 amps, find a way to tell me the current in the High-voltage wire.