2. Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) formed 7000 BC

3. Farming and Cities irrigation/canals to control water
Surplus of food = fewer farmers = artisans

4. Cities City-State—artisans/farmers Ur, Uruk, and Kish
depended on military strength
“The Epic of Gilgamesh” (Uruk’s King)
Epic of Gilgamesh Video

5. Government
King ruled city
Make laws/protect citizens
Please the Gods

6. Sargon of Akkad

7. Religion Polytheism—many Gods
priests
Anu=heaven, Enki=wisdom, Inanna=war/love, Utu/Nanna=sun and moon

8. Gods
INANNA
ENKI
ANU
UTU & NANNA

9. Society Monarch Priest & Scribes
Artisans—craftspeople, merchants, traders
Farmers/laborers
Slaves

10. Social Structure

11. Cuneiform-Sumerian Writing System

12. MEN vs WOMEN MEN WOMEN political power laws education scribes
home and kids
few educated
priestesses

13. Babylonians Hammurabi becomes king in 1792 BC
His Code (282 laws)  First justice system EVER!
“Eye for an eye”

14. Babylonians Hammurabi with Shamash (the Sun-god)
Babylon under Hammurabi

15. Hittites Ironworking = strong weapons
Chariot—wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle
Captured Babylon 1595 BC

16. Hittites

17. Assyrians 1200 BC controlled Babylon
900 BC conquered Fertile Crescent, parts of Asian Minor and Egypt

18. Assyrians

20. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

21. Phoenicians
Expanded trade
First alphabets—similar to ours

22. Phoenicians
Finqiya means all caps in Phoencian terms