1. Unit 5 Notes: Pedigrees, Disorders & Technology
(1)

2. (1) Pedigrees
A chart which shows the genetic relationships within a family.
Used to track traits across family generations.
Symbols:
Circle = Female
Square = Male
Filled In = Has the Trait Blank = Does NOT Have the Trait
Horizontal Line = Married Couple
Vertical Line = Kids from Married Couple

4. (2) Common Genetic Disorders
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Hemophilia
Cystic Fibrosis

5. (3) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Don’t have the ability to break down the amino acid “Phenylalanine”.
The amino acid is found in proteins.
Results:
Amino acid builds up  Damages Nerves & Brain
Person placed on a specific-protein diet for life

10. (4) Sickle Cell & Hemophilia
Recessive Disorder
Results in irregularly shaped red blood cells
More common in people of African descent (*Malaria Prevention)
Treatment  Blood Transfusions, Pain Meds, Fluids
Hemophilia:
X-Linked & Recessive Disorder
Missing protein necessary for blood clotting
Treatment  Injecting patient with protein

16. (5) Cystic Fibrosis The result of a defective CF gene.
Causes an osmotic imbalance within organs…
Secreted fluids are abnormally thick.
There’s an imbalance between salt and water concentrations.
Impacts the individual’s ability to breathe, excrete, digest and circulate blood.
Treatment  (No Cure) Supplements to help with nutrient absorption.

20. (6) Genetic Technology
Manipulating an organism’s DNA either for prevention, medical research or commercialism.
Examples:
Allele Testing during pregnancy
Genetically Modified Food
Gene Therapy

21. (7) Allele Testing
Can test enzymes produced in womb if already pregnant.
Can test baby’s DNA.
Can test parent’s DNA for prevention:
Look for a specific gene/DNA sequence.
Recessive disorders have unique sequences.

22. (8) GMO Food Fruits, Vegetables, Animals who’s DNA was altered.
Why Would We Alter It?
Change flavors
Increase resistance to pests + diseases
Increase climate tolerance
Change vitamin production
Possible Cons:
Unknown long-term human effect (i.e. allergies)
Unknown environmental consequences (if organisms mate)

23. (9) Gene Therapy Removal of faulty organ.
Altering of genes inside cells of organ…
Mutated genes caused a disease.
Scientists fix the genes.
The organ is placed back inside the organism.
There is NO guarantee with this procedure!

24. (10) DNA vs Environment ~60% of your appearance + behavior = DNA
What Impacts Your Appearance & Behavior?
DNA can increase chances of certain behaviors/looks
1 Gene Mutation  Another Gene Mutation
Hormones + Chemicals in mother’s womb
Emotional Environment raised in
Diet + Physical Activity