1. Texas Geography is: The study of Texas and the people who live in it.
Texas Landforms: Texas has mountains, plains, valleys, rivers, plateaus, escarpments.
Texas Climate is the average weather of a location. Texas is so large it has more than one climate!
Resources: soil, plant & animal life, water timber, grass, oil and gas, rock, sand, etc.:
(What we need to survive!)
Take notes. Copy this, explain we will learn more about these as we go through the power point.

2. Geography (Landforms, Climate, Resources) affects how we live: What we eat, what we wear, what kind of tools we use, what kind of house we live in, how we travel.
Take notes and discuss drawing of Comanches: What are they wearing, what kind of shelter, what kind of transportation, food, etc?
A Comanche Camp
Drawing by:
James E. Taylor

3. Absolute Location: absolutely where you are!
Lines of longitude: run north and south & are called meridians. (from Pole to Pole)
Lines of latitude: run horizontally around the earth east to west. (Equator)
The Earth is divided into hemispheres: Northern and Southern, but also Eastern and Western N W E S
Bring apples cut in half both ways. Process Activity, could use worksheet to practice finding locations using latitude and longitude. After the next slide!

4. Absolute location: Exact location on the Earth by latitude and longitude.
Example: Tyler is located at ____degrees ___latitude and ____degrees ___ longitude
Relative location: The location of one place in relationship to another location.
Example: Houston is south of Tyler. Houston is located on the Texas Gulf coast.
Look at Map and record in notes. Figure it out together and show the lines and how they are numbered.
Have students give you some other relative location examples.

5. Resources: what we need to live
Effect---
Cause---
Resources can be depleted
Pollution
People use resources to live: for food, shelter, clothing, tools
Give examples of resources: __________
American Indians valued the land
and its resources.
Do we value the land and resources today?
Drawing of Plains Indians by James E.
Taylor
Discuss photo which shows American Indians in 1800’s wearing clothing of the white man, but still living their way. How did the Indians value the land from what you already know?
How do we value the land and resources today?
What resources do we value the most?
What resources do we learn to conserve?
What are ways we conserve resources?
What resources are renewable? What resources are gone once we use them up? These are prompts to get discussion going.

6. Human-Environment Interaction:
1. 2 ways people use the environment and change it for better or worse: a. b.
2 ways the physical factors can affect people:
Have students answer, then write down 2 of each in notes. The book discusses water pollution, affects on fishing and drinking water, also, farming practices can cause erosion if not careful; using up non-renewable resources vs. recycling; creating cities over the land: good or bad? Oil production and pollution—also natural gas, coal, alternatives; use fertile soil and water to grow crops for food. Physical factors: what are they? Weather, landforms, earthquakes, things that man cannot control: tornadoes, hurricanes, drought, mountains, deserts, etc.

7. Political Maps: p. ___ What do they show?
Using maps. Look in your textbook in the black reference pages. Find the following about Texas:
Political Maps: p. ___ What do they
show?
Physical Maps: p.__ What do they show?
Topical Maps: p.___ What do they show?
Write examples in your notes as we discuss these!
Do this as a class and be sure they add this to their notes. Political show man made things such as boundaries, cities, roads, counties, capitals etc. Physical maps can show topography which is landforms, elevation, climate; Topical maps show whatever is in the map key such as resources, crops, etc.

8. Climate of Texas
Middle Latitudes (between North Pole and Equator) gives Texas mild winters and hot summers
Gulf Air Stream brings warm moist air from Gulf of Mexico over Eastern Texas causing rain, humidity, warmer winters
Warm, moist Gulf air meets Cold, dry air from the North causing violent storms and tornadoes

9. Middle Latitudes Gulf Air over Texas
Pictures to show middle latitudes and who warm air over gulf which also contains moisture hits colder air from north and causes wsot

10. Topography and Elevation
Sea Level at Gulf Coast
Rising in elevation from the coast to the west
Coastal Plains on the coast
Plateaus or Tablelands start in the western half of Texas, formed by escarpments where land is pushed upward on a fault line
Mountains farthest West

11. Escarpments
Balcones Escarpment created the Edwards Plateau west of Austin, part of it is known as the Texas Hill Country
CapRock Escarpment created the Llano Estacado and the Palo Duro Canyon in the Texas Panhandle

12. Caprock Escarpment Balcones Escarpment
Show with pointer where the lines are and explain this is a satellite photo from space where the fault lines are visible.
Balcones Escarpment

13. Water Resources
Gulf of Mexico provides sea ports for shipping and seafood
Rivers provide water for transportation, drinking, irrigation
Have been dammed to provide reservoirs or lakes which meet Texas’ water needs
Droughts are times of little rain.
Look at Map: Find cities on Gulf which are major ports, Look for Rivers, Look for Lakes on Rivers. Process activity, list the Give them a Texas Black line map and have them locate major port cities of Beaumont/Port Arthur, Houston, Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Locate Sabine, Red, Rio Grande, Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, San Antonio, Nueces, Canadian and Pecos; Locate Toledo Bend, Lake Amistad, Lake Texhoma, Lake Palestine.

14. Texas Aquifers
Underground reservoirs hold much of Texas water resources.
Major aquifers:
Balcones Aquifer under the Edwards Plateau
Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer under East Texas
Ogalalla Aquifer under the High Plains of the Panhandle
Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer serves the water needs of 66 counties and the largest populated areas are: Tyler, Lufkin, Nacagdoches, Bryan-College Station. The aquifer runs parallel to the Gulf Coast. Balcones meets the needs of the Austin, San a
Antonio area and is a very fragile water system. Many Caves in the area such as Longhorn Caverns, Innerspace Caverns. Ogalalla Aquifer is the main source of irrigation for all the agriculture in the Panhandle region. Process activity: locate these on a black line map.

15. Aquifers provide water through springs which seep out of the ground, forming rivers and streams
Water is pumped out of aquifers to provide irrigation and water needs of population
Can’t be refilled without rain.
Conservation practices insure enough water for future needs.