1. Bellwork 11/24
Balance the following equations:
Na + Br2  NaBr
HgO + Cl2  HgCl O2
Make sure you write the question and the full answer. You need to work out the problem

2. GENETICS
3.d. Describe heredity as the passage of instructions from one generation to another and recognize that heredity information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. (DOK 2)
How traits are passed from parents to offspring through pairs of genes
Phenotypes and genotypes
Hierarchy of DNA, genes, and chromosomes and their relationship to phenotype
Punnett Square calculations

3. Heredity Trait Genetics Fertilization Purebred Gene Alleles
Vocabulary words for Genetics unit. The definitions are in the book. We will have a vocabulary quiz tomorrow.
Heredity
Trait
Genetics
Fertilization
Purebred
Gene
Alleles
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Hybrid
Probability
Punnett square
Phenotype
Genotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Codominance

4. Bellwork 11/25 – turn in when finished & study for quiz
Which of these would happen to the cell if cellular respiration stopped? A. It would not have the energy it needs to perform its functions. B. It would grow larger because it would not be able to dispose of wastes. C. It would have to access backup energy trapped in the chemical bonds of food. D. It would no longer be able to passively transport materials across its cell membrane.

5. Heredity
The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring

6. Trait
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
Height
Eye color
Hair color

7. Genetics The scientific study of heredity Discovered by Gregor Mendel
Experimented with pea plants

8. Fertilization
The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism

9. Purebred The offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Purebred short pea plants always come from short parent plants
Purebred German Sheppard dogs always come from German Sheppard parents
There will be no other species of that organism in the blood line

10. Gene
Factors that control a trait

11. Alleles Different forms of a gene
An organism’s traits are controlled by the alleles it inherits from its parents.
Some alleles are dominant, while other alleles are recessive

12. Dominant allele
One whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Always represented by a capital letter

13. Recessive allele
One whose trait is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
A trait controlled by a recessive allele will only how up if the organism does not have the dominant allele
Always represented by a lower case letter

14. Hybrid Has two different alleles for a trait
An organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait

15. Codominance The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring

16. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains the biological instructions that make each species unique
Carry the genetic code
Located in the nucleus of a cell
Made up of genes which are located on chromosomes

17. DNA
Made up of genes which are located on chromosomes that are found in the nucleus of a cell
DNA carries the heredity material that makes up your unique characteristics

18. Phenotype An organism’s physical appearance or visible traits
Blonde hair
Brown eyes
Tall
Widows peak

19. Genotype
An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations GG Gg gg

20. Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait SS

21. Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Rr
Mendel used the term hybrid to describe heterozygous organisms

22. Probability
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

23. Punnett Square
Is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
In a genetic cross, the allele that each parent will pass on to its offspring is based on probability

24. Filling out Punnett Squares
Start by drawing a box and dividing it into 4 squares

25. Filling out Punnett Squares
Write the male parent’s alleles along the top of the square and the female parent’s alleles along the left side

26. Filling out a Punnett Square
Copy the female parent’s alleles into the boxes to their right and the male parent’s alleles into the boxes beneath them

27. Filling out a Punnett Square
The completed Punnett square shows all the possible allele combinations in the offspring

28. Examples
A pea plant with round seeds has a genotype of Rr. You cross this plant with a wrinkled seed plant, genotype rr. What is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled seeds?

29. Examples
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for white fur (b). In a cross between a heterozygous black guinea pig (Bb) and homozygous while guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have white fur?

30. Examples
In rabbits, the allele for a spotted coat is dominant over the allele for a solid-colored coat. A spotted rabbit was crossed with a solid-colored rabbit. The offspring all had spotted coats. What are the probable genotypes of the parents? Explain.

31. Examples
A long haired rabbit (Bb) is crossed with a short haired rabbit (bb). Using a Punnett square, what is the probability for all phenotypes and gentotypes?