1. The Effect of Temperature on Water Quality
Conor Maddigan
9th Grade
Central Catholic High School

2. Water Quality
20% of people in the world do not have access to clean drinking water.
The United States has the cleanest water out of any country in the world.
Bacteria is a main cause of the low quality of our water.
However, most public water suppliers test their water for bacteria and toxic levels of certain type of elements.
Does a change in temperature alter the quality of water?

3. Water Quality ParameterspH
Ammonia
Phosphate
Chlorine
Indicates acidity or basicity
Nutrient required by all living things
Commonly found in rocks and minerals
Very strong odor and is exceedingly poisonous
Scale of 0-14, 7 being neutral
High levels are referred to as >.1 mL
Key element to the growth of organisms in aquatic systems
In nature, it is only found combined with other elements (NaCl)

4. Water Quality Parameters (continued)
Nitrates
Nitrites
Coliform
Inorganic compound that is composed of 1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of oxygen
Univalent radical NO2 or any compound that contains it
Bacteria that is found in all warm-blooded animals and humans
One of the most common groundwater pollutants
Can be oxidized by adding ozone, turning the nitrite into nitrate
The digestion of this bacteria causes pathogens to enter your body

5. Purpose/Hypotheses
Purpose
Hypotheses
The purpose is to see if temperature affects water quality.
Null hypothesis: Temperature will not have a significant effect on water quality.
Alternative hypothesis: Temperature will have a significant effect on water quality.

6. Materials pH test strips Ammonia test kit Phosphate test kit
Test kits
Equipment
pH test strips
Ammonia test kit
Phosphate test kit
Chlorine test kit
Nitrate test kit
Nitrite test kit
Bottles filled with Coliscan (coliform)
Water samples at different temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 C)
μl pipet
Sterile tips
Incubator
8 Coliscan ready-mix plates
Fridge
Thermometer
Gloves for protection

7. Procedures
Ammonia
Both tubes were filled to the 5 mL mark with desired sample.
3 drops of Nessler reagent was added to one of the tubes.
The tube was swirled until a yellow color developed.
After 1 minute was waited, the tubes were inserted into the comparator box.
The approximate amount of ammonia in mg/L was recorded.
This was repeated 3 times for each temperature.

8. Procedures (continued)
Phosphate
Chlorine
The test cube was filled to the mark with the desired water sample.
The contents of reagent pillow was opened and added to the test cube. Cap and shake to mix.
1 minute was allowed for color development.
The color of the sample was matched to the test cube. The cube was cleaned.
This was repeated 3 times for each temperature.
The test cube was filled to the mark with the desired water sample.
The contents of reagent pillow was opened and added to the test cube. Cap and shake to mix.
3 minutes was allowed for color development.
The color of the sample was matched to the test cube. The cube was cleaned.
This was repeated three times for each temperature.

9. Procedures (continued)
Nitrates
Nitrites
The test cube was filled to the mark with the desired water sample.
The contents of reagent pillow was opened and added to the test cube. Cap and shake to mix.
1 minute was allowed for color development.
The color of the sample was matched to the test cube. The cube was cleaned.
This was repeated 3 times for each temperature.
The test cube was filled to the mark with the desired water sample.
The contents of reagent pillow was opened and added to the test cube. Then, it was capped and shaken vigorously for one minute.
10 minutes was allowed for color development.
The color of the sample was matched to the test cube. The cube was cleaned.
This was repeated three times for each temperature.

10. Procedures (continued)
Coliform pH
3 mL of the sample was added to the bottle of Coliscan.
Shake for a minute.
The contents of the bottle was poured onto a Coliform ready-mix dish. The dishes were then inserted into the incubator.
48 hours was waited to count colonies and record results.
This was repeated 2 times for each temperature.
The pH test strip was dipped into the sample for 10 seconds.
The color of the pH strip was matched to the color chart.
The results were recorded.
This was repeated 3 times for each temperature

11. pH in Relation to Water Temperature

12. Average Amount of Ammonia in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

13. Average Amount of Chlorine in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

14. Average Amount of Phosphate in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

15. Average Amount of Nitrate in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

16. Average Amount of Nitrite in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

17. Average Fecal Coliform in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

18. Average Non-fecal Coliform in Relation to Water Temperature
P-value=

20. Conclusion The null hypothesis was rejected.
Temperature did have an effect on water quality.
The p-value for the ammonia, chlorine, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite tests was less than .05, rejecting the null hypothesis.
The p-value for the fecal coliform and non-fecal coliform was greater than .05, failing to reject the null hypothesis.
In five out of seven tests that could be statistically tested, the temperature did have an effect on water.

21. Analysis
Possible extensions of study
Possible errors/limitations
More test kits could have been used to test the full toxicity of the water.
More temperatures could have been tested to have a wider array of data.
The water could have been collected at each season, showing a change in water quality year round.
The scientist could not read all of the test cubes at the same time, making some water sit longer than others.
The different temperatures may not have been exposed to the correct temperature for the same amount of time.

22. References

23. Ammonia ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance3
0.25 C2
0.3
0.1 C3
0.4 C4
0.8
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
Within
0.015 8
Total 11
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Reject Ho

24. Chlorine ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance3 2 C2 1 C3
3.5 C4 5
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
1.5625
Within
0.5 8
0.0625
Total
2.0625 11
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Reject Ho

25. Phosphate ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance3 1 C2 C3 4 C4 6 2
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between 32
8.30E-05
Within 8
Total 11
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Reject Ho

26. Nitrate ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance3 15 5 C2
17.5 C3 40 C4
37.5
12.5
18.75
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
Within 8
Total 11
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Reject Ho

27. Nitrite ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance3 C2
0.3
0.1
0.01 C3
0.4 C4
0.9
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
0.14
5.6
Within 8
Total 11
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Reject Ho

28. Fecal Coliform ANOVA One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average
Variance C1 2 1 C2 9
4.5
12.5 C3 8 4 C4
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
16.375 3
Within
22.5
5.625
Total
38.875 7
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Fail to reject Ho

29. Non-fecal Coliform One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average
Variance C1 2 38 19
392 C2
943
471.5
148512 C3
145
72.5
8844.5 C4 23
11.5
264.5
ANOVA
Source SS df MS
Ftest
P-value
F-Critical
Between
291098 3
Within
158014 4
Total
449112 7
Conclusions
Ho:
μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha
At least 2 μ's differ
F-Test
Alpha
0.05
P-Value
Decision:
Fail to reject Ho