1. Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania
Chapter 20
Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania
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2. States and Empires in South America
No writing before arrival of Spaniards, sixteenth century C.E.
Unlike Mesoamerican cultures, writing from fifth century C.E.
After displacement of Chavín, Moche and Nazca societies, development of autonomous regional states in Andean South America
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4. Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
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5. Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
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11. The Inca Empire, 1471–1532 C.E.
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12. The Inca Empire From valley of Cuzco
Refers to people who spoke Quechua language
Settlement around Lake Titicaca mid-thirteenth century
Territory expanded under Inca ruler Pachacuti (r. 1438–1471)
Modern Peru, parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
Population 11.5 million
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13. Inca Administration and Quipu
Incas ruled by holding hostages, colonization
No writing; used system of cords and knots called quipu
Mnemonic aid
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14. Quipu
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15. Cuzco Capital of Inca empire
Residents high nobility, priests, hostages
Gold facings on buildings
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16. Inca Roads Massive road-building system
Two north-south roads, approximately 10,000 miles
Mountain route
Coastal route
Paved, shaded, wide roads
Courier and messenger services
Limited long-distance trade, held by government monopoly
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17. Inca Society and Religion
Social elites dominated by infallible king
Claimed descent from sun
Worship of ancestors
Remains preserved in mummified form
Regularly consulted
Sacrifices offered
Paraded on festive occasions
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19. Machu Picchu
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20. Aristocrats, Priests, and Peasants
Aristocrats received special privileges
Earlobe spools as adornment
Priestly
Controlled religious ceremonies
Peasants organized into community groups called ayllu
Land, tools held communally
Mandatory work details on land of aristocrats
Public works
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21. Inca Gods and Moral Thought
Inti sun god
Viracocha creator god
Temples as pilgrimage sites
Peasant sacrifices, usually of produce and animals (not humans)
Sin understood as disruption of divine order
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22. 25 Facts About The Inca
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