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Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era

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1 Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era
Chapter 9

2 Introduction Jazz musicians began to experiment with more complex, often less danceable rhythms Because this new brand of music was more difficult, if not impossible to dance to, the mainstream public lost interest and jazz became a “high art”

3 Bebop Named after scat syllables
Pioneered by John “Dizzy” Gillespie and Charlie Parker

4 Dizzy Gillespie 1917 trumpet born South Carolina

5 Charlie Parker 1920 Saxophone Born Kansas City
Both moved to New York and formed a quintet together

6 Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gilliespie- Koko

7 Characteristics of Bebop
Smaller ensembles Music became more abstract Tempos sped up or slowed down Too fast/slow to dance to More interesting chord progressions and modulations Melodies were usually complex lines made of eighth notes

8 Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Birth of Cool Jazz

9 Claude Thornhill leader of Claude Thornhill Orchestra
Gil Evans + Gerry Mulligan - arrangers Frequently used French horns and tuba Miles Davis was recruited to lead the band

10 Miles Davis 1926 Trumpet Released The Birth of the Cool – met with little popular appeal at first but has turned out to be a tremendously influential album So What

11 Characteristics of Cool Jazz
Lighter tone quality Cool, detached sound quality

12 Cool Jazz turned out to be a hit with college-age youth in the early 1950’s
it combined a soft unimposing sound with intellectual content allowed the consumer to contemplate it deeply or relegate it to the background without it being overwhelming because of this it found its way into coffee shops and bars near college campuses

13 Dave Brubeck - 1920 Piano Formed the Dave Brubeck quartet in 1951
Gained popularity by playing college campuses Two of his best known songs are in odd time signatures Take Five

14 Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Bossa Nova

15 Bossa Nova means new beat
Pioneered by Stan Getz and Joao Gilberto – they released their first album together in 1963 Combination of Brazilian music and Jazz Specifically a combination of a slow samba and the complex chord progressions of bebop Brazilian music combines cultural roots of Portuguese, African and native South American inhabitants

16 Characteristics of bossa nova
Characteristics of bossa nova Lyrics are sophisticated and romantic Tempo and rhythmic feel is danceable Complex chord progressions Light tonal quality The Girl from Ipanema (Gilberto and Getz)

17 Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Jazz Fusion, Free Jazz and Smooth Jazz

18 Jazz Fusion Blend of jazz and rock Notable practitioners
Herbie Hancock – “Watermelon Man” Miles Davis – “JoJo” Josef Zawinul - “In A Silent Way”

19 Free Jazz Sounds dissonant and rambling to the average listener
Spontaneous improvising Little or no regard for prescribed form, melody or chords Notable practitioner John Coltrane – tenor saxophone

20 Smooth Jazz Soothing, romantic and classy Notable practitioners
David Sanborn – saxophone – The Dream Kenny Gorelick – soprano saxophone – Forever in Love George Benson – guitar – Breezin’ Commercial music - has kept jazz alive to the larger public

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