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COMPUTER NETWORKS CS610 Lecture-38 Hammad Khalid Khan.

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Presentation on theme: "COMPUTER NETWORKS CS610 Lecture-38 Hammad Khalid Khan."— Presentation transcript:

1 COMPUTER NETWORKS CS610 Lecture-38 Hammad Khalid Khan

2 Review Lecture 37 Congestion Control TCP Segment Format
Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT Technology NAT Topology NAT Implementations NAT Translation

3 Illustration of NAT Translation

4 NAT Translation Table

5 Variants of NAT Basic NAT Changes IP addresses
Network Address and Port Translation Changes IP addresses and protocol port numbers Most popular form Twice NAT Used with site that runs server NAT box connected to Domain Name System (DNS) server

6 Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT)
By far the most popular form of NAT Can change TCP or IP protocol port numbers as well as IP addresses Allows Multiple computers at site to communicate with single destination Multiple users on given computer to communicate with same destination

7 Example NAPT Translation Table

8 Example NAPT Translation Table
Entry in table records protocol port numbers as well as IP address Port numbers reassigned to avoid conflicts

9 TCP Splicing Popular use of NAPT
Interconnects two independent TCP connections Performs segment rewriting Extremely efficient: avoids overhead of extracting data from one connection and sending to the other Uses extended translation table

10 Twice NAT Basic NAT does not work well for communication initiated from the Internet Twice NAT allows a site to run servers Twice NAT requires the DNS to interact with the NAT device Twice NAT fails if an application uses the IP-Address instead of Domain Name

11 CAT Proposed by Cable TV providers offering Internet services through Cable Modems Includes NAPT plus additional functionality The additional functionality allows the cable operator to: Communicate with the CAT device Inspect Values Control Network Access

12 NAT at Home NAT is useful at a residence with a Cable Modem or DSL Connectivity Allows the customer to have multiple computers at home without requiring an IP Address for each of them NAT software allows a PC to connect with the Internet and act as a NAT device at the same time

13 NAT at Home

14 Summary NAT Translation Table NAPT and TCP Splicing Twice NAT CAT
NAT at Home

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