1. Pictorial Space: Use your eyes:
Try to work out how many ways ‘pictorial space’ (the space within the picture) has been created in this painting?
List your ideas…

2. Compositional arrangement that leads the viewer into the painting.
Overlapping.
Foreshortening.
Changes in Scale.
Use of light and shade.
Linear Perspective.
Compositional arrangement that leads the viewer into the painting.
Caravaggio, Conversion of St Paul, c Oil on Canvas, 7ft 6 ½ in x 5ft 8 ½ in.

3. Two more? Greater ‘focus’ in the foreground.
Aerial perspective, where colours fade into the atmospheric colour behind.
Eugene Delacroix, The 28th July: Liberty Leading the People, 1830.
Oil on Canvas, 8ft 6ins x 10ft 7ins

4. Parthenon frieze, detail, 447-432 BC. Marble, approx. 3ft 7ins high.
Also, in relief sculpture (sculpture where carving emerges out of a ground base) the depth of carving can also give you a sense of space. Figures closer to the background appear further away than those who emerge from it.

5. Get ready to check your answers!
Back to Sculpture!
Name as many Greek and Roman sculptures as you can with approximate dates or periods!
Get ready to check your answers!

6. Artemision Bronze 470-440 BCE Aphrodite of Knidos 4th century BC.
Helmet-maker c. 700 BC.
Kouros from Tenea c. 570 BC
Kritios Boy c. 480 BC
Artemision Bronze BCE
Aphrodite of Knidos 4th century BC.
Winged Victory of Samothrace
c BC.
 Laocoon c. 27 BC-68 AD
Portrait bust of a man,
1st century BC
Augustus of Prima Porta 1st Century AD

7. How did the Greeks and Romans make sculpture, and why did they use the materials they did?
This lesson will give you an understanding of how Greek and Roman statues were made…but they have not changed much since, so will be relevant to you when you discuss almost ANY sculpture almost ANYWHERE, from almost ANY period!
Brainstorm:
Why use stone or bronze, which are expensive to mine or quarry and to then carve or cast?
What properties does each have which might be useful or suitable to different kinds of art work?

8. Add to your earlier ideas:
Begin by reading the stone carving section in your handout. Make a note of any questions you might have so that we can answer them when we are finished.
Add to your earlier ideas:
Why use stone or marble, which is difficult to quarry and to carve?
What properties does marble have which might be useful or suitable for art work?
What pitfalls can you think might exist around using marble or stone?
If you want to visualise the process see the video.

9. Add to your earlier ideas:
Now read the bronze casting section in your handout. Make a note of any questions you might have so that we can answer them when we are finished.
As we watch the following video, see if you can follow the individual steps in the lost-wax method of casting.
Add to your earlier ideas:
Why use stone quarry and to carve?
What properties does marble have which might be useful or suitable for art work?
What pitfalls can you think might exist around using marble or stone?

10. On a clean sheet of paper, try to fill up as much of this table as you can. Feel free to ask questions or discuss… we’ll share in a few minutes.
Advantages of material/process
Disadvantages of material/process
Marble
Bronze

11. Discobolus of Myron, 460-450 BC (Originally in Bronze)
Delphi Charioteer 479 BC
Discobolus of Myron, BC (Originally in Bronze)