1. Active Shooter Response

2. Fact: Until someone acts, no one else will. What will you do?

3. What Do We Know About Active Shooters?

4. Can’t the FBI or police profile potential shooters? In a word, no.
There is no single profile of a shooter, but we do know these things:
The shooter is trying to right a wrong (has an revenge mindset)
80% of shooters tell their plans to one person
50% of shooters tell their plans to 2 or more people
An FBI report examined 160 active shooter events between and found that:
In all but 2 of the incidents, the shooter chose to act alone.
Only 6 female shooters were identified.
Shooter ages as a whole showed no pattern.
However, 12 of 14 shooters in high school shootings were students at the schools
5 of the 6 shooters at middle schools were students at the schools.
But all of this is after the fact. There is no way to know in advance who will be a suspect.

5. Where does an active shooter target his victims?
Commerce 46%
Education 25%
Health Care 3%
Government 10%
Houses of Worship 4%
Other 12%

6. Think & Write!
Based on the information you just learned, what are the likely characteristics? What is his likely target?
2 minutes

7. Now is a good time to mention …
… hide and hope doesn’t work.

8. The 5 Stages of an Active Shooter
1. Fantasy Stage – the shooter
daydreams of the shooting.
fantasizes about the news coverage.
idolizes other shooters.
might draw pictures of the event and make web postings.
2. Planning Stage – the shooter
details his plans, probably in writing.
will often discuss these plans with others and may seek out an accomplice.
will plan the time and location to ensure the most victims or target specific victims.
These stages are the ones where you are most likely to find out if a student is planning something. Tell a teacher, counselor, or administrator.

9. The 5 Stages of an Active Shooter
3. Preparation Stage – the suspect
may break into a relative’s house to steal weapons and ammunition for the event.
might train with the weapons by shooting regularly and testing explosive devices.
might conduct surveillance of the target location.
might call friends and tell them not to go to school or work on the scheduled day of the attack in an effort to keep them out of the line of fire.

10. The 5 Stages of an Active Shooter
4. Approach Stage – the shooter
has made his plans and decided to act.
will be walking, driving, or riding toward his intended target, armed with his weapons.
5. Implementation Stage – the shooter
will continue to kill until he runs out of victims or ammunition, or is stopped. In past incidents, active shooters have been thwarted by police officers, security guards, school teachers, and students.
There is a risk in doing something, but the greatest risk lies in doing nothing.

11. Think & Write!
During which stages would you be most likely to find out if someone was planning at an attack at a school? Explain why.
2 minutes

12. On average, police need 3 minutes to respond to an active shooter event. On average, most school shootings end in 2 minutes.

13. The Plan: Make It ADD Up
Avoid, Deny, Defend

14. Think & Write! Make a list of all of the exits from within this room.
Next, make a list of all of the exits you could reach in 30 seconds outside of this room.
1 minute

15. Do This When a Code Red Is Called
Calm yourself
Tell yourself that this is really happening, then think about what you need to do.
Do combat breathing
Full breath, blow it out. Avoid shallow breathing – you must get oxygen to your brain!
Get in the survival mindset
Find things that can be used as weapons: pens, pencils, books, chairs, etc.

16. Think & Write!
Make a list of things in this room that could be used as a weapon during a Code Red. (1 minute)

17. How To Respond: Avoid, Deny, Defend (ADD)
Avoid: be where the shots are not being fired
Deny: shelter-in-place and barricade entrances
Defend: do whatever it takes to defend against an attacker

18. Avoid – Be Where the Bullets Aren’t
Know secondary exits (doors, windows, stairs).
Attempt to evacuate.
Leave your belongings behind.
Help others escape, if possible.
Alert others (signal) when avoiding/exiting.
Find shelter
Call 911 when you are safe.
Remember, if you’re outside, STAY outside and find shelter. Do NOT attempt to get inside. Do NOT call friends who may be in the building. Call 911 when you are safe.

19. Deny Lock and/or barricade the door (push desks in front of it).
Belt
Deny
Lock and/or barricade the door (push desks in front of it).
No lights / No noise (silence cell phone).
Hide behind large objects (get against the door side of the wall).
Remain very quiet.
Prevent others from entering the area.
Call 911 when you are safe.

20. Defend Realize that anything can be a weapon. Commit to your actions.
Use improvised weapons.
Attempt to distract the shooter.
Attempt to incapacitate the shooter.

21. Sources
Blair, J. Pete, and Schweit, Katherine W. (2014). A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C
Oliver, Robert W. Lecture notes, CRASE Training. Mason Creek Middle School, Winston, GA. 23 July, 2018.
“The 5 Stages of an Active Shooter.” 29 July, 2018.
“Active Shooter.” Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center July, 2018.
“What to Do in an Active Shooter Situation.” situation. 29 July, 2018.